1. J. Tsoro Maiketso & Masedi Motswapong 1

2. Outline 1. Introduction 2. Trade trends 3. Objectives of the Paper 4. Methods 2

3. Introduction Although agriculture’s contribution to GDP has declined, it is still an important source of livelihood, especially for the rural households Livestock is the main agriculture activity Beef industry is the backbone of the rural economy (SACU Trade Policy Review, 2009) Beef is the largest agricultural commodity export Are there opportunities to; Increase exports? Diversify exports? Diversify markets? 3

4. Objectives Discuss the measures (policy and legal provisions) affecting trade in livestock and livestock products Analyse the determinants of Botswana’s exports of livestock and livestock products 4

5. Exports of Fresh or chilled boneless bovine meat: main markets (BWP millions) 1. 5

6. Exports of Fresh or chilled boneless bovine meat: emerging markets (BWP millions) 1. 6

7. Exports of Frozen boneless bovine meat, main markets (BWP millions) 1. 7

8. Exports of Frozen boneless bovine meat, emerging markets (BWP millions) 1. 8

9. Methods Review of measures affecting trade BMC Act [Chapter 74:04]; Export monopoly? Control of Livestock Industry Act [Chapter 36:01]; Restrictions on exports; bans, levies, licensing etc Diseases of Animals Act [Chapter 37:01]; Diseases of animals and the role of SPS measures 9

10. Gravity model 10

11. Model cont’d 11

12. Data Sources The study will use data from Statistics Botswana and where possible other data sourced from, Euro stat, World Bank 12