2.  Totalitarianism – Political system where the government controls every part of its citizen’s lives.  Fascism – A strong government led by one person  (* Belief is that the government or state is more important than its people.)

3. Became leader of The Soviet Union after the death of Vladimir Lenin in 1924. Cruel leader, responsible for the executions of hundreds of thousands of Soviet peasants/farmers

4.  1. Joseph Stalin called for Rapid Industrialization of the Soviet Economy  2. Stalin forced farmers and peasants to give up their land and work on collectives  Collectives – government owned farms

5. Leader of the National Fascist Party from 1922 until his death in 1943 His followers were called Blackshirts Italy began expanding it’s territory by conquering Africa (Ethiopia)

6. Hitler was born in Braunau am Inn, Austria on April 20, 1889. Throughout his youth, Hitler dreamed of becoming an artist. He applied twice to the Vienna Academy of Art (once in 1907 and again in 1908) but was denied entrance both times. After his mother's death in 1908, Hitler spent four years living on the streets of Vienna, selling postcards of his artwork to make a little money.

7. Hitler volunteered to serve in the German army once World War I began. Hitler endured and survived four years of World War I. During this time, he was awarded two Iron Crosses for bravery.World War I It was while Hitler was recovering from the gas attack that the armistice (i.e. the end of the fighting) was announced. Hitler was furious that Germany had surrendered and felt strongly that Germany had been "stabbed in the back" by its leaders.

8. Furious at Germany's surrender, Hitler returned to Munich after the end of World War I, determined to enter politics. In 1920, Hitler became the leader of the National Socialist Party In November 1923, Hitler spearheaded an attempt to take over the German government through a putsch (a coup), called the Beer Hall Putsch.Beer Hall Putsch When the coup failed, Hitler was caught and sentenced to five years in prison where he wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle). Mein Kampf

9. - 1932: The Nazi or National Socialist Party wins the majority vote in their national elections. - Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany - His quest is to return power to Germany

10. Hitler immediately stopped making reparation payments. He began rebuilding Germany’s military (Violation of the Treaty of Versailles) However, he did create jobs… (unemployment fell by more than 2 million jobs)

11. In Oct. 1936, Germany and Italy formed The Axis Powers (Later that year Japan would join the alliance).

12. Hitler quickly isolated Jewish People… - He made all Jews leave their professions - He kept them from studying at Universities - Segregated them by disbarring them from public places and forced them to wear an armband (for identification)

13. On Nov. 9, 1938 The Nazi Party went on a violent rampage known as The Kristallnacht (“Night of Broken Glass”). Jews were seriously injured or killed, synagogues were burned and Jewish businesses were destroyed. http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=uine5MhOc0I

15.  Why was Italy in political turmoil?  1. People were upset they received no territory for its help  in WWI  2. Recovering from WWI/Great Depression Who rose to power as a result of this turmoil? 1. Benito Mussolini What did he do once he received power? 1. Created the Blackshirts 2. Invaded Ethiopia What kind of Political system did he incorporate? 1. Fascist

16.  Why was the Soviet Union in political turmoil?  1. Recovering from WWI/Great Depression Who rose to power after Vladimir Lenin died? 1. Joseph Stalin What did he do once he received power? 1. Forced farmers to give up their land (collectives) 2. Rapid Industrialization What kind of Political system did he incorporate? 1. Totalitarianism

17.  Why was Germany in political turmoil?  1. Forced to pay reparations  2. Recovering from WWI/Great Depression Who rose to power as a result of this turmoil? 1. Adolf Hitler What did he do once he received power? 1. Stop making reparation payments 2. Built up the military What kind of Political system did he incorporate? 1. Fascist