1. Forgetting/Memory Related to Education

2. Why We forget 1.) Ineffective Encoding 2.) Decay 3.) Interference
4.)Retrieval Failure

3. 1.) Ineffective Encoding
It may only appear we forget something
Information may never have been inserted in memory in first place
Examples

4. 2.) Decay Forgetting occurs because memory traces fade over time
True for our short term memory
example
Untrue for long term memory

5. 3.) Interference
People forget information because of competition from other material
When is interference greatest?
2 Types:
1.) Retroactive Interference
2.) Proactive Interference

6. Retroactive Interference
New info impairs retention of previous information
Examples

7. Proactive Interference
Previously learned information interferes with retention of new info
examples

8. Retrieval Failure Something is in our memory, yet we can’t find it
-Tip of the Tongue was example
Why might this occur?

9. Memory Disorders
1.) Retrograde Amnesia- Person loses memory for events prior to injury
Examples
2.) Anterograde Amnesia – Person loses memory for events that occur after injury
Clive Wearing video

10. Memory findings concerning education

11. Recall vs. Recognition tests
Recall Measures- Require participants to reproduce information without any cues
Examples
Recognition Measures – Require participants to select previously learned information from array of options
Which method do you think research shows yields higher scores?

12. Recognition measures can depend on options
What is the capital of Washington?
a.) Seattle b.) Tacoma
c.) Spokane d.) Olympia

13. What is the capital of Washington. a. ) London b. ) Tokyo c
What is the capital of Washington? a.) London b.) Tokyo c.)New York City d.) Olympia

14. Massed vs. Distributed Practice
Massed Practice- Practice of studying or learning material all at once
Example
Distributed Practice – Practice of studying or learning material over time
Findings

15. Other findings
Overlearning- Continued rehearsal (or studying) after a person has mastered material
What does research suggest?