1. Global Struggles
Unit 7

2. America and World War II
The Early Battles
Chapter 21 Section 2

3. Holding the Line Against Japan
American aircraft carriers were out at sea during the attack on Pearl Harbor

4. Holding the Line Against Japan
The Fall of the Philippines
After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor they turned their attention to the Philippines
General Douglas MacArthur
In charge of American Forces
Troops ate horses and mules and the conditions were primitive
Roosevelt ordered MacArthur to leave
MacArthur – “I came through, and I shall return.”

5. Holding the Line Against Japan
The Fall of the Philippines
The people remaining on the Bataan Peninsula were forced to become prisoners of the Japanese
Marched 65 miles to a Japanese Prison Camp
Bataan Death March – ten thousand troops died on the march
Philippines finally surrendered to the Japanese

6. Holding the Line Against Japan
The Doolittle Raid on Tokyo
Roosevelt wanted to bomb Tokyo but American planes could not reach it unless on an airplane carrier
Idea
Put B-25 bombers on the carriers and they would be able to reach Tokyo but. . .
The B-25 Bombers cannot land on the aircraft carriers
Never Fear – There is a solution
After bombing Japan the American B-25s will land in China

7. Holding the Line Against Japan
Japan Changes Strategy
Admiral Yamamoto wants to attack Midway Island
Would lure the American fleet out in the Pacific and he would be able to destroy the fleet

8. Holding the Line Against Japan
The Battle of the Coral Sea
The Japanese wanted to attack New Guinea because it would cut off America’s supply lines
America sent two carriers to stop the Japanese
Both sides launched an all out airstrike
New Guinea is able to remain free from the Japanese

9. Holding the Line Against Japan
The Battle of Midway
Americans had already learned of Japan’s plan to attack Midway
The Japanese fleet ran into an ambush
Admiral Yamamoto was forced to retreat
Battle of Midway is seen as the turning point in the Pacific for Americans
362 Americans killed
3,057 Japanese killed

10. Stopping the Germans
The Soviet Union was begging Roosevelt to send troops to Europe
Great Britain (Churchill) wanted to attack the periphery or the edges of the German Empire
Roosevelt agreed with Churchill and he ordered the invasion of Morocco and Algeria

11. Stopping the Germans The Struggle for North Africa
Invade Morocco and Algeria for two reasons
Invasion would give the army some experience without a lot of troops
Once American troops were in North Africa they could help the British fight the Germans
General Erwin Rommel “Desert Fox”
Commanded the German Forces

12. Stopping the Germans The Struggle for North Africa
The British forced Rommel to retreat
American General Dwight D Eisenhower planned to trap Rommel between two allied forces
American troops won their land and advanced into Tunisia while the British headed west
In Tunisia the American Forces finally faced the German Army for the first time and did HORRIBLE
Americans were outmaneuvered and outfought
The British and the Americans troops together were able to push the German troops out of North Africa

13. Stopping the Germans The Battle of the Atlantic
After Germany declared war on the United States German Submarines entered American coastal waters
Cargo ships were easy targets
Cities on the east coast dimmed their lights
People put up black out curtains
Drive without their headlights on

14. Stopping the Germans The Battle of the Atlantic
Because of the large number of ships that were sunk oil had to be rationed
Government built the first long distance pipeline from Texas to Pennsylvania
Convoy System is back in action
American airplanes and warships began using new technology
Radar, sonar, depth charges

15. Stopping the Germans The Battle of Stalingrad
Hitler ordered the German army to attack the Soviet Union
Capture strategic oil fields, factories, and farmlands and Stalingrad
Stalingrad
If the Germans captured Stalingrad then the Soviet Union would loose their resources
Stalin ordered his men to hold the city – Retreat was Forbidden
Germans fought from one place to the next but they were not equipped for the cold weather

16. Stopping the Germans The Battle of Stalingrad
Both sides lost about half a million soldiers each
The Soviet Union managed to hold onto Stalingrad and push the Germans back
The Battle of Stalingrad is seen as the turning point in the European Theater