1. Southern Boone County Schools Bill Palmer
HUMAN ANATOMY Lecture 2 Anatomical Directions and Gross Anatomical Structures
Southern Boone County Schools
Bill Palmer

2. Human Anatomy
There are several basic terms you need to know to get started in anatomy. These terms are used to describe how anatomical structures are positioned in relationship to each other.
Hint: They generally occur in pairs and if you learn one then it is easier to learn the other.

3. Human Anatomy-Position
Standard Anatomical Position
Stand erect
Feet slightly apart
Head and toes pointed forward
Arms at sides
Palms facing forward
Q: Is this comfortable?

4. Human Anatomy-Position

5. Human Anatomy-Directions
Right/Left-The subject’s Right and left
Anterior/Posterior-Front/Back
Medial/Lateral-Toward the middle/away from the middle
Cephalad (cranial)/Caudal-Toward the head/toward the butt
Dorsal/Ventral-Toward the back/toward the belly
Superior/Inferior-Above/below

6. Human Anatomy-Directions
Deep-moving toward the middle of the specimen
Superficial-moving away from the middle of the specimen
Radial-Toward the thumbs
Ulnar-Toward the little finger
Palmar-toward the palm side

7. Human Anatomy-Body Planes
A Plane is how a specimen is sliced. 3 main types
Transverse Plane-a plane dividing a standing person into an upper and lower parts (belt)
Frontal Plane (coronal)-a plane that divides a standing person into dorsal and ventral parts
Sagittal Plane-a plane that divides a standing person into right and left parts
Midsaggital Plane-a plane that divides a standing person into EQUAL right and left parts

8. Human Anatomy-Body Planes

9. Human Anatomy-Landmarks
Antebrachial-Forearm
Antecubital-Anterior of elbow
Axillary-Armpit
Brachial-Arm
Buccal-Mouth
Carpal-Wrist
Cervical-neck
Coxal-Hip
Crural-Leg
Digital-Fingers, Toes
Femoral-Thigh
Frontal-Forehead
Hallux-Great (Big) Toe
Inguinal-Groin

10. Human Anatomy-Landmarks
Mammary-Breast
Mental-Chin
Nasal-Nose
Oral-Mouth
Orbital-Eye Socket
Palmar-Palm of hand
Patellar-Anterior knee
Pedal-foot
Pelvic-Pelvis
Fibular-Side of leg
Pollex-Thumb
Pubic-Genital Region
Sternal-Breastbone
Tarsal-Ankle
Thoracic-Chest
Umbillical-Navel

11. Human Anatomy-Landmarks
Acrominial-Point of Shoulder
Brachial-Arm
Calcaneal-Heel of foot
Cephalic-Head
Dorsum-Back
Femoral-Thigh
Gluteal-Buttocks
Lumbar-Small of back
Manus-Hand
Occipital-posterior of skull
Olecranal-posterior of elbow
Otic-Ear
Perineal-area between anus and genitals

12. Human Anatomy-Landmarks
Plantar-Sole of foot
Popliteal-Back of knee
Sacral-Between the hips
Scapular-shoulder blade
Sural-posterior of calf of leg
Vertebral-near the spinal column

13. Human Anatomy Abdominopelvic Regions
Umbilical Region-Centermost
Epigastric Region-Above center
Hypogastric Region-Below Center
Iliac Region-Lower Right and Left
Lumbar Region-Center Right and Left
Hypochondriac Region-Upper Right and Left

14. Human Anatomy Abdominopelvic Regions

15. Human Anatomy Body Cavities
Dorsal Body Cavity-Brain and Spine
Cranial Cavity-Brain
Spinal Cavity-Spine
Ventral Body Cavity-Chest and Abdomen
Thoracic Cavity-Chest
Abdominopelvic Cavity-Gut
Abdominal Cavity-Stomach Intestines
Pelvic Cavity-Reproductive organs, Bladder, rectum

16. Human Anatomy Body Cavities
Oral Cavity-Mouth
Nasal Cavity-Nose
Orbital Cavity-Eye
Middle Ear Cavity-Internal Ear
Synovial Cavity-Joints

17. Human Anatomy Body Cavities

18. Human Anatomy Wrap Ups The wrist is _____ to the hand.
The brain is _____ to the spinal cord.
The thumb is ______ to the ring finger.
The skin is _____ to the skeleton.
Name two organs found in the left hypochondriac region.

19. Human Anatomy Wrap Ups
A patient presents with severe pain in the right iliac region. What might it be?
What organ of the pelvic cavity is sectioned equally by the midsagittal section?
What cavity contains the brain?
The knee joint is what type of body cavity?
What is the most uncomfortable part of the standard anatomical position?