1. Tuesday, February 6 th Blue Book Wkshts & Shoes Essay Discuss notes Pass out notes Review Intro to Bones & Bones of the Skull, Chest, and Back

2. Review Diseases  Osteomyelitis  Osteoporosis  Rickets Fractures  Greenstick  Simple  Compound Joints

3. Introduction to Bones & Bones of the Skull, Chest, & Back

4. Anatomical View

5. Terms Anterior  Front or toward the front Posterior  Back or toward the back Prone  Lying face down Supine  Lying face up

7. Terms Medial  Toward the midline of the body Lateral  Away from the midline of the body Proximal  Toward the beginning of the structure of the body Distal  Away from the beginning of the structure of the body

8. Terms Flexion  To bend Extension  To straighten Adduction  To go toward the midline of the body Abduction  To go away from the midline of the body

9. Purpose of Bones Lever for movement Provide structure and support Protection of Internal Organs Store minerals

10. Structure of Bones 67% of bone is mineral  Calcium  Magnesium  Sodium  Potassium 33% is connective tissue Bones form in two ways  From membranes (ex. Bones in your skull)  Ossification (minerals that harden to form your bones)

11. Parts of the Bone Shaft  Narrow part of bone between the 2 ends of the bone Periosteum  Outside of the bone tissue Compact Bone  Layer under the periosteum  Very Hard

12. Parts of the Bone Spongy Bone  Cavities at the ends of bone that act as shock absorbers for “weight bearing” Red Bone Marrow  Makes red and white blood cells, an adult has no red bone marrow in the shaft Yellow Bone Marrow  Fat Cells

14. Bones as you age As a baby:  Bones are made of cartilage As you grow:  Bones ossify and become heavier and harder As you grow old:  You loose minerals and bones become weaker Ex. Osteoporosis – loss of calcium from the bone

15. Joints A joint is a place where 2 bones make contact Types of joints are:  Immovable  Partially Movable  Freely Movable

16. Types of Joints Immovable  Skull  Sacrum  Coccyx Partially Movable  Vertebrae  Ribs to Vertebrae  Sacroiliac

17. Types of Joints Freely Movable  Ball and Socket Shoulder Hip  Hinge Elbow Knee Finger Toe Jaw  Pivot Forearm Head on neck  Gliding Wrist Ankle

18. Ball and Socket

19. Hinge

20. Pivot

21. Gliding

22. Bones of the Skull 2 Divisions of the skeleton  Axial Skeleton The skull, vertebral column (backbone), ribs and sternum  Appendicular Skeleton Bones in the arms, hands, legs, feet, and shoulders

23. Bones of the Skull

24. Axial Skeleton Skull – 29 bones  22 form the frame of the head  Have zigzag joints in the skull, makes it stronger  6 facial bones – immovable joints  7 th bone is the jawbone (mandible) largest bone in the skull, movable

25. Bones of the Skull

26. Wednesday, 2/7 Review Finish Backbone & Chest Start on Bones of the Upper Extremity Leave time to discuss the rest of the week Hand back papers Friday: Progress sheets

27. Review Terms  Anterior/Posterior  Medial/Lateral  Supine/Prone  Proximal/Distal  Flexion/Extension  Adduction/Abduction

28. Review Purpose of bones Bones as you age 6 parts of the bone Joints  Ball-and-socket  Hinge  Gliding  Pivot

29. Backbone Also knows as the spinal column Consists of 33 bones and its function is to protect the spinal column

30. Regions of the Backbone Cervical Vertebrae  7 vertebrates, found in the neck and  Function: Hold up the head  Has lots of flexibility Thoracic Vertebrae  12 vertebrates  Function: supports the chest Lumbar Vertebrae  5 vertebrates found in lower back  Function: weight bearing area, largest and strongest vertebrae Sacrum  5 vertebrates fused to the hip area  The sacrum and hip bones are called the pelvis Coccyx  3-5 fused vertebrates  Common name is Tailbone

31. Spinal Column

32. Chest  Also known as the ribs and sternum  Protects the heart and lungs  Expands and contracts Sternum  The flat bone in the middle and front of the chest  Anchor for the ribs and muscles to attach  Protects the heart

33. Ribs 12 pairs of ribs attach to the thoracic vertebrae on back  True Ribs Top 7 pair that attach to the sternum  False Ribs Middle 3 pair that extend up to the sternum  Floating Ribs Bottom 2 pair that do not attach to the sternum

34. True Ribs

35. False Ribs

36. Floating Ribs