1. Key Lesson Questions: Swingers 1. How do variables affect the outcome of an investigation? 2. Why is it important to change only one variable? 3. How can variables be graphed to show relationships?

2. Essential Question: Variables Investigation 1- part 1 Swingers: Exploring Swingers What is a pendulum? What is a pendulum? What variables might affect the number of cycles the pendulum makes in 15 seconds? What variables might affect the number of cycles the pendulum makes in 15 seconds? Changes or VARIABLES that can be made to the system are— 1. Mass or number of pennies 2. Release position 3. Length of string

3. Standard Pendulum System 38 cm. long string, 1 penny, 1, paper clip, tape, released straight out to the side, and a 15 second swing. 38 cm. long string, 1 penny, 1, paper clip, tape, released straight out to the side, and a 15 second swing.

4. Word Bank Pendulum Pendulum Cycle Cycle Variable Variable

5. Content/Inquiry A mass hanging from a fixed point that is free to swing to and fro is called a pendulum. A mass hanging from a fixed point that is free to swing to and fro is called a pendulum. A cycle is any motion or activity that repeats itself. A cycle is any motion or activity that repeats itself. A variable is anything that you can change in an experiment that might affect the outcome. A variable is anything that you can change in an experiment that might affect the outcome.

6. Science Stories: What Scientists Do? What are the steps involved in scientific inquiry? What are the steps involved in scientific inquiry? What is a variable? What is a variable? What is important to remember when you conduct a controlled experiment? What is important to remember when you conduct a controlled experiment? What do scientists do if their experiment does not confirm their hypothesis? What do scientists do if their experiment does not confirm their hypothesis? What instruments help scientists see things they could not normally see? What instruments help scientists see things they could not normally see? Is there another way to study the world other than doing controlled experiments? Is there another way to study the world other than doing controlled experiments?

7. Essential Question: Variables Investigation 1- part 2 Swingers: Testing Variables Does changing the mass, length, or release positions of a pendulum change how quickly it swings? Does changing the mass, length, or release positions of a pendulum change how quickly it swings? What can graphs tell us about results? What can graphs tell us about results?

8. Word Bank Experiment Experiment Controlled Experiment Controlled Experiment Standard Standard

9. Content/Inquiry An experiment is an investigation designed to find out how variables affect outcomes. An experiment is an investigation designed to find out how variables affect outcomes. An experiment in which one variable is changed and the outcome is compared to a standard is a controlled experiment. An experiment in which one variable is changed and the outcome is compared to a standard is a controlled experiment. A standard is the basic procedure used in a controlled experiment, before changing any of the variables. A standard is the basic procedure used in a controlled experiment, before changing any of the variables.

10. Relationship The longer the pendulum, the fewer the swings. The longer the pendulum, the fewer the swings. The shorter the pendulum, the greater the swings. The shorter the pendulum, the greater the swings. The greater the number of swings, the shorter the pendulum. The greater the number of swings, the shorter the pendulum. The fewer the number of swings, the longer the pendulum. The fewer the number of swings, the longer the pendulum.

11. Period 4 Class Data: LengthNo. of Swings (Cycles) 13 cm. 21 1520 1719 1818 2017 2216 2515 2914 3313 4511 5510 709 908 1207 1706 2005

12. Period 5 Class Data: LengthNo. of Swings (Cycles) 13 cm. 22 1521 1720 1819 2018 2217 2516 2915 3313 4512 5511 7010 908 1207 1706 2005

13. Period 6 Class Data: LengthNo. of Swings (Cycles) 13 cm. 22 1520 1719 1818 2017 2216 2515 2914 3313 4512 5511 7010 908 1207 1706 2005

14. Period 7 Class Data: LengthNo. of Swings (Cycles) 13 cm. 22 1521 1720 1818 2017 2216 2515 2914 3312 4511 5510 709 908 1207 1706 2005

15. Essential Question: Variables Investigation 1- part 3 Swingers: Predicting Swings How can graphs be used to predict results? How can graphs be used to predict results?

16. Word Bank Two-coordinate graph Two-coordinate graph

17. Content/Inquiry A two-coordinate graph shows the outcome of a series of experiments when a variable is changed by steps. A two-coordinate graph shows the outcome of a series of experiments when a variable is changed by steps.

18. Science Stories: Swinging through History? Who was the first person to think a pendulum could be used as a timekeeper? Who was the first person to think a pendulum could be used as a timekeeper? Who was the first person to build such a timekeeper? Who was the first person to build such a timekeeper? Where are you likely to see a pendulum working? Where are you likely to see a pendulum working? What variable affects the number of swings in a given amount of time? What variable affects the number of swings in a given amount of time? What is a controlled experiment? What is a controlled experiment?