1. Consultation on sustainable sanitation 9 th September 2009 Bangalore Water and Sanitation Program – South Asia (WSP-SA) New Delhi, India mkullappa@worldbank.org

2. 2 Increasing Coverage in toilet construction….. But is usage also increasing?

3. 3 Construction Programmes n Maharashtra (1997-2000): 16.61 lakh toilets built BUT usage is 43% -57% (concurrent evaluation) n Andhra Pradesh (2001-2005 ): 29 lakh toilets built BUT usage is 30% - 60% concurrent evaluation) n Himachal Pradesh (1993-1998): 3 lakh toilets built BUT usage is approx. 30% (evaluation in 2003)

4. 4 NGP Awards 2005: a slow beginning Source: Govt. of India, Dept. of Drinking Water Supply Accessed 6 May 2007. Note: Does not include institutional households.

5. 5

6. 6 Why Sanitation? Why are we interested in promoting sanitation? n Is it just to implement TSC and achieve a target of construction of latrines? n Is it provide dignity and status to the people? n Is it to provide facility to some sections of the society? OR n Is it to achieve the objective of universal public health?

7. 7 Evidence shows that…..

8. 8 Performance vs toilet Subsidy

9. 9 So, What to focus? Focus on OUTCOME which is ‘stopping open defecation ’ and educating the entire community of safe and hygienic sanitation behavior Construction of toilets ODF Community X √

10. 10 Challenges –Slippage –Focus on hard ware/ Out puts –Weak institutions –Weak M&E –Lack of capacities

11. 11 Focus on Outcomes for the Entire Community –Focus on outcomes and not on hardware inputs, –Mobilise the community rather than establishing household contacts alone –Empower and strengthen the PRIs –Reward the collective community action & outcomes –Strengthen the M&E systems –Technology options to sit local situation

12. 12 Incentives/reward for achievement – creative use of subsidy Village becomes Open Defecation Free Village becomes Nirmal (ODF + Solid/Liquid WM) Village strives for Nirmal ++ Subsidy given as incentive to Community / Individuals Nirmal Gram Puraskar State Reward Scheme

13. State Sanitation Rewards Program: A Tool to Scale-up and Sustain Sanitation

14. 14 What is a state sanitation rewards program?  Annual competition between different PRI levels – Gram Panchayat, block, district – to be recognized as the ‘cleanest’  Motivates PRIs to go beyond ODF and address total sanitation  Rewards achievement of collective outcomes  Government is a facilitator and monitor at all levels but community plays the main role

15. 15 How does a State Rewards Program differ from NGP?  Both NGP and state rewards program are an incentive to accelerate TSC by motivating Gram Panchayats  However, there are some differences:  NGP is given by Govt. of India but state rewards are given by respective state governments  NGP is one-time reward but state rewards program is an annual competition  NGP monitoring is by external third-party organizations. State rewards program teams are constituted from within the state at different levels but each block/district is verified by another block/district  NGP incentive amount is population based but state sanitation rewards program incentive is based on level of competition

16. 16 What are the advantages of a state sanitation rewards program?  Annual competition motivates PRIs to sustain and improve sanitation outcomes  Tremendous IEC success, raises the profile of both sanitation and winners  Generates stiff competition at all levels  Creates peer pressure on neighboring Panchayats, blocks, districts within a state  Strengthens the capacity of local institutions

17. 17 Which states have introduced such a rewards program? StateYear of Launch Name of Rewards Program Maharashtra2001Sant Gadge Baba Gram Swachata Abhiyaan Himachal Pradesh 2005Maharishi Valmiki Sampoorna Swachata Puraskar Andhra Pradesh 2007Shubhram Madhya Pradesh 2008Ujwal Puraskar Karnataka2009Nairmalaya

18. 18 What are the main elements of a state rewards program?  Competition is held at different levels – block, district, division, state  Winners at each level are eligible to participate in next higher level e.g. block winners participate in district competition, district winners at state level  Verification is based on same criteria at all levels  Verification at each level is undertaken by a team from outside the area i.e. each block/district is assessed by a team from another block/district on non-reciprocal basis  Winners are recognized by senior dignitaries and receive a cash prize

19. Thank you for your attention mkullappa@worldbank.org Contact: 0 9848159046