1. Road Weather Management Program The FHWA Program for ITS Requirements, Development and Operations Research Paul Pisano FHWA/HOTO paul.pisano@fhwa.dot.gov 202 366 1301 To The National Hurricane Conference April 9/10, 2001 Gary G. Nelson Mitretek Systems Inc. gnelson@mitretek.org 202 488 5718

2. FHWA/Mitretek 2 Outline  Overview of the FHWA Road Weather Management Program.  Decision Support Development  Overview of the Maintenance Decision Support System (MDSS) project and the National Labs  How this relates to Emergency Management

3. FHWA/Mitretek 3 Federal Road Weather Programs Federal Highway Administration FHWA Operations Core Business Unit Christine Johnson HOP Office of Transportation Operations Shelley Row HOTO Paul Pisano HOTO Highway Research Gary Larsen HRD Rudy Persaud HRDO ITS Joint Program Office Jeff Paniatti ITS-JPO Committees Weather Information for Surface Transportation (JAG-WIST) Integrated Observing Systems (CIOS) National Weather Service NWS Public and Fire Weather Jim Lee American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials AASHTO Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology Sam Williamson OFCM FHWA Road Weather Program Other USDOT Agencies FAA, FTA, FRA, RSPA, USCG FEMA George Schoene Al Benet HOTO Emergency Management Program

4. FHWA/Mitretek 4 Road Weather Management Program Goals 1. Develop improved weather information systems that meet the demands of all users and operators; 2. Develop improved maintenance technologies for winter mobility, and; 3. Develop traffic operations/incident management procedures under all weather events.

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6. 6 Decision Support Transportation Impact Weather Operational Technique Decision Surface Transportation Weather Decision Support Requirements (STWDSR) Project

7. FHWA/Mitretek 7 MDSS Major STWDSR Documents FHWA Weather Team White Paper 1997-98 STWDSR V1.0 Needs 1999 Stakeholder Meetings Feb, May 2000 STWDSR V2.0 Operational Concept Definition (OCD) July, 2000 STWDSR V2.0 Preliminary Interfaces Requirements (PIR) October, 2000 STWDSR V3.0/V4.0 TM/EM/Traveler Needs Impacts/Benefits Operational Test Requirements Mar., Sept., 2001

8. FHWA/Mitretek 8 References  Electronic Documents Library www.its.dot.gov/welcome.htm White Paper STWDSR V1.0 STWDSR V2.0: OCD STWDSR V2.0 PIR STWDSR V2.0 Executive Summary

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10. 10 Maintenance Decision Support System (MDSS) Project One realization of the STWDSR Operational Concept Definition (OCD) for winter road managers – Set of functions implemented – Set of needs served Continues STWDSR stakeholder alliance – National Labs will develop non-exclusive components – State DOTs will operate – Vendors will provide and integrate into Road Weather Information System (RWIS)

11. FHWA/Mitretek 11 NCAR

12. FHWA/Mitretek 12 MDSS: Benchmarks  Prototype Phase  First Prototype Review  Operational test pre-bid meeting (CRREL, 21- 22 June)  Prototype demonstration (September)  Operational Test Phase  Notice of Intent (April)  RFP (May)  Award (September)  Initial Operating Capability (August, 2002)  Test and evaluation (winter 02-03)

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14. FHWA/Mitretek 14 Our information systems should survive the most severe threats. There has to be an operational continuum from the mundane to the severe. Our physical infrastructure may not survive the most severe threats.

15. FHWA/Mitretek 15 Decision Scales Scales Space-time Domain Decisions Climatic (Planning) Synoptic/Meso (Operational) Micro (Warning) Organization, Facilities, Procedures, Consumables Monitoring, Mobilization, Landfall-Evacuation, Route/Traffic Mgt., Incident Response Search and Rescue Flash-Flood Evacuation, Facility Failure Warning Inter-State months-years States/Districts hours-days Districts/Watersheds sub-hours Watershed/ Structure- Focused Landfall- Focused Contingency Planning

16. FHWA/Mitretek 16 In the 10 deadliest storms, there were 264 fatalities (78%) from inland flooding. Most of these were associated with drowning and vehicles. Storm Surge Tornado High Surf Winds Inland Flooding

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18. FHWA/Mitretek 18 Evacuation: Floyd Results  3 million (est.) people were evacuated from Florida, Georgia, North and South Carolina, resulting in record congestion problems.  Techniques included:  Mobilizing and prepositioning personnel and equipment,  Opening evacuation shelters,  Executing staged evacuations,  Reversing traffic flow during evacuation,  Altering traffic flow to enable at least one counter-flow lane,  Opening shoulder lanes to traffic and closing roadways,  Disseminating information to evacuees (e.g., residents, tourists),  Communicating with neighboring state agencies.

19. FHWA/Mitretek 19 Traveler Information Roadway Environment Mobile Obs and Vehicle Control Inter-Vehicle Communication or “Smart Cruise Control” Roadway Environment Mobile Obs and Vehicle Control Transponders Dynamic Message Signs Operational Scale Environmental Information and Management Other (wireless) Roadside Sensors Information Service Providers Specialized Traveler/Hazard Info.

20. FHWA/Mitretek 20 Trip Generation/ Distribution Road Conditions and Network Modeling Assignment Trip Generation/ Distribution Assignment Static Modeling Dynamic Modeling Road Condition Scales Synoptic (12 hrs) Micro <minutes Direct Obs. Mode Split Intra-Model Feedbacks Major Threat (high risk) Re-route? Throughput Effects Quasi-Static Constraints Mode Split Tight Behavioral Coupling Typical ISP Special Road Report Updates or Contingencies Planning/ Climatic Scale Normal? Conditions or Contingencies

21. FHWA/Mitretek 21 ITS and Emergency Management  Better threat information  Better monitoring of road conditions  Decision support=information fusion  Support of risk decision making  Open systems for shared information and coordination  inter-agency  inter-jurisdiction  Survivable systems, adaptable techniques  Better information to travelers/evacuees  Time saved = lives saved

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