1. Spatial Interaction
Movement of people, ideas, commodities within and among areas
Examples?
Truck hauling goods
International telephone calls
Immigration into the US

2. Why interaction? Complementarity Transferability, which depends on
One place has something that another place wants
Transferability, which depends on
Characteristics and value of the product
Distance (time) $$
Intervening opportunities

3. Go anywhere? Aaaahh, distance decay
Exponential decay of interaction levels with increasing distance
We rarely go often to places beyond a critical distance

4. How Distance Is Observed
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How Distance Is Observed
Figure 8.11

5. Why barriers? Distance is a BIG barrier to interaction
More the distance, less the interaction
Cost of interaction
Travel means spending money
Physical and cultural barriers
Psychological barriers

6. Diffusion Spread of ideas, practices, from its origin to new places
Diffusion of cuisine?
Relocation diffusion
People moving and diffusion of ideas
Contagious diffusion
Ideas spreading to nearby places
Hierarchical diffusion
Up or down a hierarchy
Source:

7. Patterns of Diffusion Figure 8.12
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Patterns of Diffusion
Figure 8.12
Reproduced by permission from Resource Publications for College Geography, Special Diffusion by Peter R. Gould, page 4. Association for American Geographers, 1969.

8. The Diffusion of Innovations over Time
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The Diffusion of Innovations over Time
Figure 8.13

9. Perception … is reality?
Our mental maps of the world determined by our experiences
Difference in experiences means different perceptions
Directional biases
Presence/absence of known people and knowing the geography
OH, East is East and West is West, and never the twain shall meet,

10. More mental maps Awareness of a place and opinions of that place
May dispel notions, or
May strengthen views
So, how do people view things?

11. Mental Map of the World of a Palestinian high school student
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Mental Map of the World of a Palestinian high school student

12. Four Mental Maps of Los Angeles
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Four Mental Maps of Los Angeles
Figure 8.4
From the Department of City Planning, City of Los Angeles, The Visual Environment of Los Angeles, 1971.

13. Neighborhood Maps Drawn by Children
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Neighborhood Maps Drawn by Children
Figure 8.5

14. Activity Space Territories We all have our own territories
Formal ones include cities, countries …
We all have our own territories
Physical
Such as a house, apartment
Mental
“give me some space, will you?”
Overlapping activity spaces
We share space with others
For work, play, eat, …

15. Activity space Understand activity space through transportation
Journey to work
Trip to the grocery stores
Trip to the video arcade …
Source:

16. Activity Space of Each Family Member
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Activity Space of Each Family Member
Figure 8.7

17. Source: http://www.globaltelematics.com/landuse/nonwkpat2.gif

18. Travel Patterns for Purchasing Goods
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Travel Patterns for Purchasing Goods
Figure 8.8
Cash economy Canada
Old-order Mennonite
Redrawn with permission from Robert A. Murdie, “Cultural Differences in Consumer Travel” in Economic Geography vol. 41, no. 3, p Copyright © 1965 Clark University, Worcester, MA.

19. Spatial Search in the San Fernando Valley
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Spatial Search in the San Fernando Valley
Figure 8.27
Redrawn by permission from J.O. Huff, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 76, pp Association of American Geographers, 1986.

20. Factors affecting trip making
Stage in life course
Young, elderly, …
Mobility
Cost and effort required
Opportunities
Simpler the economy, less need for trips

21. Mobility
Circulation versus migration
Temporary versus “permanent”

22. Migration Does not mean a planned two-way trip
Migration is relocation of residence and activity space
New job, new place to live, …
Two types
Forced
Voluntary

23. Voluntary In response to push and pull factors Push Pull
Wars, natural disasters, …
Pull
Better jobs, rejoining other family members, …
Economic reason the most important factor

24. 9

25. Afghan refugees in October 2001