1. Information Processing / Forgetting /Memory Construction

2. How do we process information?
3 basic steps:
1. Encoding: getting information into your memory.
2. Storage: Retaining information into memory over time.
3. Retrieval: getting information out of memory storage.

3. Think of it like this:
storage
Encoding
retrieval

4. 3 ways of Processing Information:
1. Automatic Processing- unconscious process of encoding certain information without effort.
2. Effortful Processing- encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.
3. Overlearning- continuing to rehearse information even after it has been memorized.

5. Think of it like this: Effortful Processing Automatic Processing
Overlearning

6. Effects: Sematic encoding- encoding of meaning
Self Reference- Effect: enhanced sematic encoding of information that is personally relevant.
Effects:
SERIAL POSITION EFFECT:

7. Mnemonic Devices: A Memonic Devicce is a memory trick or technique.
Method of loci- device in which you associate items you want to remember with imaginary places.
Peg- word- system-device in which you associate items you want to remember with a list of words you have already memorized.
Chunking- organinzing memory into meaningful units.

8. Mnemonic Devices:
Peg Word System

9. Types of Memories: Sensory Memory:
Is the brief, initial encoding of sensory information in the memory system.
Short-term –Memory: is more permanent than sensory memory.
Long- Term Mmeory: is the realtively permanent and limitless store house of the memory system.
Flashbub Memory: a vivid memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.

10. When you see this, what do you think of?

11. Types of Memories Continued:
Long Term Putenation- occurs when the sequence of neurons thatrepresents a particula memory.
Explicit Memory: memory of facts and experiences.
Implicit Memory: memory of skills and procedures.

12. Chart: Long- Term Memories: Explicit : With conscious recall
Implicit: Without conscious recall
Explicit : With conscious recall
cerebellum
Motor skills, cognitive skills
Facts , general Knowledge & personally experienced events
Hippocampus

13. Recall & Recognition:
Recall: retrieval , you must search for info that you previously stored. A in a fill the blank test.
Recognition: Identify items you learned . As in a multiple choice test.
Context Effect –enhanced ability to retreive info, when you are in an envoirment similar to the one in which you encoded the info.

14. Sigmund Freud :
(German pronunciation: , born Sigismund Schlomo Freud (6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939), was an Austrian neurologist who founded the discipline of psychoanalysis.
His repression theory:
The theory of moving anxiety producing memories to the unconscious mind.
Freud went on to develop theories about the unconscious mind and the mechanism of nrepression, and established the field of verbal psychotherapy by creating psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient (or "analysand") and a psychoanalyst.
Sigmund Freud:

15. Sigmund Freud:
“ When the mind rests , the subconscious whispers”

16. Types of Memories Continued Part 2:
State Dependence Memory: same physical and emotional state you where in when you encoded the info.
Permastone Memory: long term memories that are specially resistant to forgetting and are likely to last a lifetime.
Proactive Interfearance: When an older memory disrupts the recall of a newer memory.
Retroactive interfearance: a more recent memory disrupts the recall of an older memory.

17. &….. Misinformation effect:
Incorporating misleading information into a memory of an event.
Example: Gossip.

18. Sources: www.answers.com/topic/psychology
Psychology Textbook: Thinking about psychology , the science of mind and behavior.