1. 4/7/14

3.  I. FDR’s Pre-War Foreign Policy  Philippines granted independence w/Tydings- McDuffie Act of 1934. US could still keep military bases and troops on the islands.  Why? 1.US in period of isolationism. 2.It was too expensive.

4.   FDR formally recognized the Soviet Union in 1933.  Why? 1.Hope of trade. 2.It would be a diplomatic buffer against the threat of Germany and Japan. I. FDR’s Pre-War Foreign Policy

5.   Good Neighbor Policy- Adopted by FDR in the 30’s, it was a promise to stay out of Latin America to build a strong Western Hemisphere alliance against the rising dictatorships in Europe and Asia. I. FDR’s Pre-War Foreign Policy

6.   Fascism- political ideology that places the concerns of the nation and race above the individual’s.  Totalitarianism- leadership has TOTAL control over every aspect of government and life. Both were on the rise in Europe during the crisis of the Great Depression! II. Fascism Rising in Europe

7.  1. Benito Mussolini takes power in Italy in 1922.  Called Il Duce (the leader)  Supporters known as “black shirts” used intimidation for support.  Invaded Ethiopia in 1935, setting off worldwide worries of war. II. Fascism Rising in Europe

8.  2. Francisco Franco takes control of Spain after the Spanish Civil War of 1936- 1939.  Franco is aided by Mussolini and Hitler.  FDR, staying strictly neutral, does not give any aid to the republicans… Spain turns fascist. II. Fascism Rising in Europe

9.  3. Adolf Hitler seizes power in Germany in 1933.  Called Führer (supreme leader)  Nazi Party blamed Jews, foreigners, and communists for the German loss of WWI and the depression.  Promised Germany “lebensraum” or living room by military expansion.  Rearmament of Germany greatly improved economic conditions for the average German. II. Fascism Rising in Europe

10.   1936- Rearmed and occupied the Rhineland on the French border.  March 1938- German annexation of Austria  September 1938- Munich Conference gives Germany the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia.  Appeasement- The belief that Hitler could be kept peaceful by giving him what he wanted. III. Hitler Ignites WWII

11.   March 1939- Hitler invades Czechoslovakia  August 1939- Soviet Non- Aggression Pact (Alliance between Germany and Soviets)  Directly results in the invasion of Poland September 1, 1939.  September 3, 1939- Britain and France declare war on Germany. III. Hitler Ignites WWII

12.   1939-1940- Hitler launches “blitzkrieg” (lightning war) on Belgium, the Netherlands, France, and Norway. III. Hitler Ignites WWII

13.   June 22, 1941 - Hitler betrays Stalin and attacks the Soviet Union.  FDR pledges aid, and the Soviets join the allies. III. Hitler Ignites WWII

14.   Congress passed Neutrality Acts which limit U.S. involvement in the war.  Roosevelt asked Congress for $1.3 billion for military spending in 1939. He wanted to be ready if the U.S. entered the war.  Meanwhile, FDR broke tradition when he ran for a 3 rd term in 1940.  Why? U.S. needed experienced leadership during crisis. IV. U.S. Response

15.   The Lend-Lease Act was passed in March 1941.  It would lend weapons, tanks, and war munitions to the Allies.  Sparked a debate between isolationists and internationalists.  Directly challenged world dictators.  Neutrality was officially abandoned. IV. U.S. Response

16.   The Holocaust, which would eventually kill upwards of 6 million Jews and other “undesirables” went largely ignored by the United States: only a small amount of Jews were saved.  Why did we do nothing?  After U.S. entrance into the war in December 1941, FDR was worried attacks on concentration camps would divert crucial military resources.  He felt like winning the war quickly would save more lives. IV. U.S. Response

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18.   Japan needed to expand. It had limited natural resources and agricultural land.  Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931, and mainland China in 1937.  Roosevelt responded by putting an embargo on oil, gas, and rubber bound for Japan.  Needing supplies, Japan took French Indochina in 1940.  Americans knew war with Japan was imminent, but they expected an attack in Malaya or the Philippines. The attack on Pearl Harbor came as a great surprise. V. Meanwhile in Japan…

19.  VI. Pearl Harbor, Hawaii 2,887 Americans Dead

20.   December 7, 1941. A date which will live in infamy.infamy VI. Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

21.  USS Arizona

22.  Admiral Yamamoto FDR signs declaration of war