1. D OMAINS A RCHAE & E UKARYA K INGDOMS A RCHAEBACTERIA & E UBACTERIA Packet #65 Chapter #27

2. K INGDOM A RCHAEBACTERIA “archae” means ancient Extremely old group These bacteria survive in extreme environments Saturday, December 05, 2015 2 © Ryan Barrow 2008

3. C HARACTERISTICS Microscopic, autotrophic unicellular prokaryotes Peptidoglycan absent from cell walls Reproduce asexually Saturday, December 05, 2015 3 © Ryan Barrow 2008

4. K INGDOM A RCHAEBACTERIA III Chemoautotrophs Methanogens Anaerobes that inhabit sewage, swamps and animal digestive tracts Live in the deep areas of the ocean where there is no sunlight Thermophiles Inhabit hot, sometimes acidic environments Saturday, December 05, 2015 4 © Ryan Barrow 2008

5. K INGDOM A RACHEBACTERIA Photoautotrophs Halophiles Live in some of the most extreme conditions Great Salt Lake (Utah) Dead Sea Salt content is extremely high in these bodies of water Saturday, December 05, 2015 5 © Ryan Barrow 2008

6. K INGDOM E UBACTERIA Saturday, December 05, 2015 © Ryan Barrow 2008 6

7. K INGDOM E UBACTERIA Saturday, December 05, 2015 © Ryan Barrow 2008 7 Known as the “disease causing agents” Only a few of these organisms actually cause diseases

8. C HARACTERISTICS Microscopic, unicellular prokaryotes Cell walls generally composed of peptidoglycan Autotrophs or hetereotrophs Aerobic or anaerobic May have flagella for movement Saturday, December 05, 2015 8 © Ryan Barrow 2008

9. E COLOGICAL R OLE Most are decomposers Some are parasitic and pathogenic Important in recycling nitrogen and other elements Used in industrial processes Saturday, December 05, 2015 9 © Ryan Barrow 2008

10. E XAMPLES Saturday, December 05, 2015 © Ryan Barrow 2008 10 Rickettsias Carried by ticks, fleas or flies Causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

11. E XAMPLES Saturday, December 05, 2015 © Ryan Barrow 2008 11 Cyanobacteria Converts Nitrogen gas into ammonia, nitrates or nitrites Part of the Nitrogen Cycle Found in the rice patties of Asia (where rice is grown) Rice feeds 75% of the human population Some species produce toxins dangerous to humans

12. C LOSTRIDIA Clostridia Clostridium tetani Causes tetnus Clostridium perfringens Causes gas gangrene Causes food poisoning A spore-forming, toxin-producing bacterium that can contaminate meat left at room temperature. The ingested cells release toxin in the digestive tract, resulting in cramps and diarrhea Clostridium botulinum Causes botulism Used in botox injections Saturday, December 05, 2015 12 © Ryan Barrow 2008

13. C LOSTRIDUM PERFRINGENS Saturday, December 05, 2015 © Ryan Barrow 2008 13