1. CONJUNCTIONS AND CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

2. Conjunctive Adverbs An adverb is: A conjunction is
a part of speech that modifies a verb, adverb, adjectives
Many adverbs end in “–ly”, although not all of them.
Ex. Quickly, happily, sadly, rapidly
A conjunction is
a part of speech that connects phrases and clauses

3. Therefore… A conjunctive adverb is
a type of adverb that joins together two clauses.
These clauses are usually independent clauses

4. Punctuation To correctly punctuate a conjunctive adverb
Use a semicolon or period at the end of the first independent clause
The conjunctive adverb is then used followed by a comma and the next independent clause
If a conjunctive adverb is used in any other position in a sentence, it is set off by commas.

5. Examples
You must do your homework; otherwise, you might get a bad grade.
I will not be attending the show. Therefore, I have extra tickets for anyone that can use them.
Amy practiced the piano; meanwhile, her brother practiced the violin.
Marion needed to be home early. Consequently, she left work at 3 p.m.
I didn’t know the point of view of the book; therefore, my teacher had to tell me it was first person point of view.

6. Examples Cont.
Secretary Bennett, however, maintains that more federal aid would only encourage universities to count on the government to meet any increases they might impose.

7. Let’s Review
Definition: Conjunctions join words, phrases, and clauses. Sometimes an adverb will also join two independent clauses. We then call it a conjunctive adverb. The list is a sample list. It is not the end all of Conjunctive Adverbs. You can decide if a word is working as one by looking at the punctuation around it. The Sentence Patterns
What Do They Look Like?
The following is a partial list of conjunctive adverbs:
Accordingly Consequently
However Similarly
Next Likewise
Also Finally
Indeed Meanwhile
Nevertheless Subsequently
Besides Furthermore
Instead Moreover
Otherwise Therefore
Independent Clause + ; +Conjunctive Adverb, +Independent Clause Or
Michele wrote the letter ; consequently , Julie mailed it to Jeffrey .
IC SC CA C IC P
Michele wrote the letter; consequently, Julie mailed it to Jeffrey.
The Pattern for Joining Two Independent Clauses with a Conjunctive Adverb: IC + ; + CA + , + IC = Complete Sentence

8. Let’s Take a Quiz Choose the sentence that is written correctly.
a. I will go therefore you can stay home. 
b. I will go; therefore, you can stay home.
c. I will go, therefore, you can stay home.
d. I will go, therefore; you can stay home.
a. Anna came to the meeting however she had to leave early.
b. Anna came to the meeting, however, she had to leave early.
c. Anna came to the meeting; however, she had to leave early.
d. Anna came to the meeting; however she had to leave early.
a. Dinosaurs are extinct; otherwise, we would be very afraid.
b. Dinosaurs are extinct, otherwise, we would be very afraid.
c. Dinosaurs are extinct; otherwise we would be very afraid.
d. Dinosaurs are extinct otherwise we would be very afraid.

9. Do you think you know these? Let’s look at the answers:
Let’s Take a Quiz Cont.
Choose the sentence that is written correctly.
a. Fifty girls signed up for a prom dress; finally; they had to close the contest.
b. Fifty girls signed up for a prom dress; finally, they had to close the contest.  
c. Fifty girls signed up for a prom dress finally they had to close the contest. 
d. Fifty girls signed up for a prom dress, finally they had to close the contest. 
a. Liam left the house subsequently he forgot his books.
b. Liam left the house, subsequently, he forgot his books.
c. Liam left the house; subsequently, he forgot his books.
d. Liam left the house, subsequently; he forgot his books.
Do you think you know these? Let’s look at the answers:

10. Well, how did you do??? As well as you think you did? I hope so!B C A
# Correct
Grade % 5
100% 4
80% 3
60% 2
40% 1
20% 0%
Well, how did you do??? As well as you think you did? I hope so!
There will be three questions on the Teacher-Created Interim Assessment (TCIA) next week. Know them!
Since there are only three of these on the TCIA, this is what your grade will look like depending on how many you answer correctly!
# Correct
Grade % 3
100% 2
67% 1
33% 0%
Works Cited (Slides 7-10):
English Exercise, Inc. "Conjunctive Adverbs." English Exercises, Inc. 19 Nov 2011.
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11. Works Cited
Your Dictionary Grammar. List of Conjunctive Adverbs. adverbs.html. LovetoKnow Corp
The Writing Center. The Writer’s Handbook: Using Conjunctive Adverbs. The University of Wisconsin- Madison. Monday, 2 July 2012.