1. Was the History of Germany from 1945 to 1990 the History of the Cold War?
Use the events list provided and the A3 graph provided to do the following:
Draw on the 21 events positioning them on either the ‘cold’ or ‘warm’ area of the graph depending on unification & relations between the East and West
Draw a graph of main events in the Cold War (provided)
Pick 5 main turning points as a group and circle / colour
Draw bars underneath showing the leaders of East and west Germany

2. USSR takes over E Europe
Tehran, Yalta & Potsdam
Stalin
Truman
DIVISION
USSR takes over E Europe
Mistrust

3. 1 becomes 2… Point Zero (Nullpunkt) – No German State
Tehran & Morgenthau Plan
Yalta – Feb ‘45
Potsdam – Jul ‘45

4. 4 Ds and 1 R Denazification Decartalisation Democratisation
Demilitarisation
Reparations

5. Cold War & Division Did it start in 1917? Fall of E Europe
‘47 Truman Doctrine
Bizonia
June ‘48 Deutschmark introduced
‘48 Berlin Blockade

6. ‘WHO DUN IT?’… Was it individuals? Was it economics?
Was it socio-political?
Was it external factors?
Or did they all have a go at different times?

7. FRG (W) Konrad Adenauer 49 to 63 Nato ‘55 USA Backing
GDR (E) Walter Ulbricht (SED) 49 to 71 Warsaw Pact ‘55 USSR Backing

8. 2 German States FRG May 1949 Temporary Constitution for W Germany
Basic Law
Temporary Constitution for W Germany
August 1949 elections
Narrow CDU lead (Adenauer)
GDR
Soviet Zone becomes GDR Oct 1949
Ulbricht First Secretary of the SED
Goal of ‘building Socialism’

9. BASIC LAW Federal State Constitutional Controls
President can’t remove Chancellor
5% vote needed to enter parliaments

10. Use the pages given to answer;
What did democracy mean in East and West Germany after WWII?
Which of the main factors were most important in creating differences between the development of East and West Germany?
Which of the countries was most repsonsible for the division of Germany?

11. GROUP DISCUSSION WHY WAS GERMANY DIVIDED?
TRADITIONAL VIEW – RUSSIA’s FAULT
REVISIONIST VIEW – TRUMAN PARTLY TO BLAME
POST REVISIONIST VIEW – ADANAUER AND PEOPLE
Now discuss your findings in a group
Did you agree? If not ARGUE!

12. The FDR & Adenauer (1949 to 63) Read the material on Adenauer
Use highlighters to show where he is being influences by each of our factors
Each table come up with argument on importance of Adenauer in West German Development
Write key points on sugar paper and prepare to present!

13. GDR & Walter Ulbricht (1949-71)
Read the material on Ulbricht
Use highlighters to show where he is being influences by each of our factors
Each table come up with argument on importance of Ulbricht in East German Development
Write key points on sugar paper and prepare to present!

14. Why was Adenauer successful?
Liberals supported so coalitions held
International recognition
Fear of Socialism
Failure of SPD
Halting denazification
Economic ‘miracle’

15. Adanauer to Erhard Too anti GDR Spiegel Affair
Erhard & downturn in economy
Over-reaction to inflation

16. Walter Ulbricht 1949-61 SED was tool of USSR & copied it…
Attempted and failed at equality
Economy stripped by USSR
Collectivisation and quotas
1950 election - all candidates had anti western sentiments
Intimidation, propaganda, teachers etc…
1953 general strike – Soviet troops and purges
Concessions but still resentment

17. Berlin By ‘61 over 1 ½ million skill loss
Ulbricht persuaded Khrushchev to clos border
See pg 282
Question - How did the Berlin wall change things?

18. Willy Brandt & Ostpolotik (1969-87)
Socialist Chancellor meant cooperation
Moscow Treaty 1970 – recognition of East Germany
1971 Berlin agreement – USSR respected movement across border
Opposition to recognition of GDR
Increased welfare and equality but economic issues and personal assistant was a spy!

19. Schmidt & Kohl Schmidt (R wing) in coalition with FDP
Left protests v nuclear power
1982 Coalition fails and Kohl = Chancellor
Continued Ostpolitik
1987 Honecker visits W Germany
Limited Welfare meant economy = better than most of Europe
Unemployment continues…reunification was a lifeline for Kohl!

20. The Honecker Contradiction
Mid 70s GDR struggling economically
Welfare outstripped income
Honecker was hard line and did not support Glasnots/Perestroika
Yet By 1980s GDR reliant on FRG loans

21. Why did the GDR collapse?
Gorabechevs reforms ( to avoid collapse)
Mobilisation of pressure groups – New Forum
Opening of E Europe
9 Oct ‘89 Leipzig protest without intervention
Collapse of authority in GDR – division
Krenz implemented reform but protests increased
Berlin wall was failing and became focus of protest – 2000 per day in 1990

22. Reunification
Jan 1990 Modrow (new FDR Prime Minister) returned from Moscow with plan for unification
Kohl rejected Modrows plan, gained allied support, acceptance by USSR & support of CDU
July = currency union and Oct unified