1. Computer organization Practical 1

2. Administrative Issues The course requirements are: –To be nice and open minded –To pass the exam (there is a boolean result)

3. objectives Understand the basic concepts behind processors, memory, and I/O devices, and be able to describe their functions. Be familiar with stored-program computer architecture Understand the basic functions of processor

4. Introduction-1 CS can be divided into three subsystems: a)The processor b)The memory and c)The I/O subsystem

5. Introduction-2 The processor Is responsible for executing programs The memory Provides storage space for programs and the data they reference I/O subsystem Allows the processor and memory to control devices that interact with the outside world or storage data

6. Typical computer system

7. Computer organization Memory SystemSwitchProcessor Hard diskCD-ROMV/G Card Monitor Computer I/O System I/O Bus Memory BUS

8. Programs Programs are the sequences of instructions that tell the computer what to do. To the computer a program made up of a sequence of numbers that represent individual operations. This operations are known as machine instructions, and a set of operations that a given processor can execute is known as its instruction set.

9. Program development tools What is compiler? –Program that treat other programs as data. Compilers convert programs from high-level languages such as C,.. Into assembly language, assemblers that convert assembly- language instructions into numeric representation used by the processor, and linkers that join multiple machine language programs into a single executable file.

10. Program development Write program In High-level language Compile program into assembly language Assemble program into machine language Link multiple machine-language programs into one application Execute program Load program into computer’s memory Program Development Program Execution

11. The processor Processor are made up of several building blocks: –Execution units (the hardware that executes instructions-ALU) –Register files and (small storage area for data that processor is used) –Control logics (controls the rest of the processor)

12. The memory system Acts as a storage receptacle for the data and programs used by the computer. Most Computers have two types of memmory: –Read only memory ROM and –Random access memory RAM

13. The I/O Subsystem The I/O subsystem contains the devices that the computer uses to communicate with the outside world and to store data, including hard disks, video displays, printers,..

14. Question? What is debugger?