1. The Beginning of the Cold War A.The United Nations B.The Cold War C.Satellite Nations Created D.U.S. Counters Soviet Expansion E.Germany F.Tensions Grow

2. A.The United Nations International organization established to maintain peace after the war The Set-up General Assembly – where all members meet to discuss issues and vote Security Council – 11 member body with the real power to investigate & settle disputes Five permanent members: Soviet Union, United States, Great Britain, France, China

4. B.The Cold War (1946-1991) 45 year long state of hostility between the Soviet Union and the United States No direct confrontations (fighting) between the two

5. Beginning at Yalta, the 2 sides had different goals for the postwar world They were divided by what type of governments the postwar world would have: Communist or Democratic

6. C.Satellite Nations Created Major goal of the USSR after WWII was to shield itself from an invasion from the west Stalin established Communist governments in Eastern Europe to create a buffer

8. “Iron Curtain” – phrase used to describe the division of Europe into two: democratic v. communist

9. D.U.S. Counters Soviet Expansion Containment – policy directed at blocking Soviet expansion Truman Doctrine – Support for countries who were fighting against Communism $400 million to Turkey & Greece to stop the spread of Communism

10. Marshall Plan – assistance program for European countries to rebuild after the war

11. E. Germany Germany & Berlin divided into 4 zones of occupation after the war

12. 1948 Britain, France, & U.S. withdrawing from West Germany so it can be independent Stalin responds by holding west Berlin hostage from June 1948 to May 1949 –Known as the Berlin Blockade Results in 11 month airlift of supplies from the West –Known as the Berlin Airlift Shows the U.S. will not appease Stalin

13. F.Tensions Grow North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) – In 1949, 10 western European nations joined with the U.S. & Canada to form a defensive military alliance

14. Warsaw Pact – 1955 Soviet’s military alliance in response to NATO

15. Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) – created by the U.S. to oppose the spread of Communism in that area

16. OAS – Organization of American States was created to stop the spread of Communism into the Western Hemisphere

17. Arms Race – Cold War would begin a massive arms race between the two Superpowers. Began in 1949 when the USSR successfully tested its 1 st atomic weapon Brinkmanship – willingness of the two nations to go to the brink (edge) of war