1. MPEG-4: Multimedia Coding Standard Supporting Mobile Multimedia System -MPEG-4 Natural Video Coding April, 2001

2. MPEG-4 Natural Video Coding MPEG-4 Video Coding Basics Video Coding Details Binary Shape Coder Motion Coder Video Texture Coder Scalable Video Coding

3. MPEG-4 Video Coding Basics Semantic segmentation Class hierarchy Prediction structure Logical structure Detail structure

4. Semantic Segmentation of a picture into VOPs Video Object VO’s instances – Video Object Planes VOP described by texture variations and shape representation

5. Class hierarchy for structuring coded video Data Video Session Video Object Video Object Layer Group of Video Object Planes Video Object Plane

6. An prediction structure using I-,P-,B-VOPs I - Intra Picture (I-VOP) P - Predictive Picture (P- VOP) B – Bidirectionally Predictive Picture (B- VOP)

7. Logical structure of VO based codec of MPEG-4 Video

8. Detailed structure of video objects encoder

9. Binary Shape Coder Generating binary alpha planes Completely transparent Completely opaque Partially transparent Coding binary alpha planes Lossy or losslessly depends on threshold selecting a maximum subsampling factor on 16*16 binary alpha that results in just acceptable distortion

10. Binary Shape Coder (Cont’) Assigning mode to binary alpha planes 1. Zero differential motion vector and on inter shape update 2. Nonzero differential motion vector and no inter shape update 3. Transparent 4. Opaque 5. Intra shape 6. Zero differential motion vector and inter shape update 7. Nonzero differential motion vector and inter shape update Depending on the coding mode and whether it is an I-, P- or B- VOP, a variable length codeword is assigned identifying the coding type of the binary alpha block

11. Motion Coder Motion Coder consists of: -Motion Estimator For P-VOPs, compute motion vectors using the current VOP and temporally previous reconstructed VOP available from the previous reconstructed VOPs store For B-VOPs, compute motion vectors using the current VOP and temporally previous reconstructed VOP from the previous reconstructed VOP store, as well as, the current VOP and temporally next VOP from the next reconstructed VOP store

12. Motion Coder (cont’) -Motion Compensator Use the motion vectors to compute motion compensated prediction signal using the temporally previous reconstructed version of the same VOP -Previous/Next VOPs Store -Motion Vector (MV) Predictor and Coder Generate prediction for the MV to be coded

13. Video Texture Coder The Texture Coder codes the luminance and chrominance variations of blocks forming macroblocks within a VOP. The blocks that lie inside the VOP are coded using DCT coding The blocks that lie on the VOP boundary are first padded and then coded using DCT coding The remaining blocks are not coded at all

14. Scalable Video Coding Scalability of video is the property that allows a video decoder to decode portions of the coded bistreams to generate decoded video of quality commensurate with the amount of data decoded. Temporal Scalability Spatial Scalability

15. Temporal Scalability The base layer is shown to have one-half of the total temporal resolution to be coded The base layer is coded independently as in normal video coding The enhancement layer uses B- VOPs that use both, an immediate temporally previous decoded base layer VOP as well as an immediate temporally following decoded base layer VOP for prediction

16. Spatial Scalability The base layer is shown to have one-quarter resolution of the enhancement layer Base layer is coded independently as in normal video coding The enhancement layer mainly uses B-VOPs that use both, an immediate previous decoded enhancement layer VOP as well as a coincident decoded base layer VOP for prediction