1. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd How Deprived is your Neighbourhood? (Or: Is Glasgow worse than Edinburgh?) Royal Statistical Society Edinburgh Local Group Matt Perkins and Niamh Laffan Office of the Chief Statistician 10 th November 2009

2. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Presentation Outline SIMD Background SIMD 2009 Methodology SIMD 2009 Results Where to find more information Questions

3. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd What is the SIMD? The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland Relative measure ranking the 6,505 datazones in Scotland from 1 being most deprived to 6,505 being the least deprived in Scotland

4. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Where has the SIMD come from? 2000: England and Wales Indices of Deprivation Social Disadvantage Research Centre (SDRC), University of Oxford 2001: Measures of Deprivation for Northern Ireland Social Disadvantage Research Centre (SDRC), University of Oxford 2003: Scottish Indices of Deprivation 2003 Social Disadvantage Research Centre (SDRC), University of Oxford –Ward level, domains covering income, employment, health, education and access to services. ‘Measuring Deprivation in Scotland : Developing a Long-Term Strategy’ Scottish Centre for Research on Social Justice (SCRSJ)

5. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Townsend definition of deprivation “Deprivation takes many different forms in every known society. People can be said to be deprived if they lack the types of diet, clothing, housing, household facilities and fuel, and environmental, educational, working and social conditions, activities and facilities that are customary, or at least widely encouraged and approved, in the societies to which they belong.” (Townsend, P. (1987) Deprivation, Journal of Social Policy, 16 (1) pp. 125-146.)

6. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Datazones Statistical geography Created by St Andrews University with local input Fixed boundaries over time Criteria –Population size –Existing boundaries –Social Homogeneity –Compactness of shape 6,505 datazones in Scotland Average population of 750 people Constructing data zones for Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics. Robin Flowerdew, Zhiqiang Feng, David Manley Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 31 (2007)76-90

7. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2004 Work done in house (with some SDRC help) Datazone geography 6 aspects of deprivation (domains) –Income –Employment –Health –Education –Access –Housing Data from 2001 and 2002

8. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2006 Evaluation of Statistical Techniques in the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (2005 Dr Alex McConnachie, Dr Chris Weir, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics University of Glasgow) 7 domains –New crime domain added Public transport times included in access domain as sub-domain 37 indicators Data (mostly) from 2004 and 2005 Published October 2006

9. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2009 Published on 29 th October 2009 7 domains –Income –Employment –Health –Education –Access –Crime –Housing 38 indicators Data (mostly) from 2007 and 2008

10. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd

11. Employment Deprivation Domain Based on benefits data (2008) –Unemployment Claimant Count 12 month average –Incapacity Benefit recipients Working age –Severe Disablement Allowance Working age –Compulsory New Deal Participants No change to 2004 indicators for 2006 or 2009 Datazone SAPE –Working age population

12. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Income Deprivation Domain Not measuring income Based on benefits data (2008 and 2007) –Income support adults and children –Guarantee Pension Credit adults –Job Seekers Allowance adults and children 2004 used WFTC and DTC data 2009 – WTC and CTC (2006 data) Datazone SAPE –Total population

13. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Housing Deprivation Domain Census data –No change since SIMD 2004 –Persons in households which are overcrowded –Persons in households without central heating Census populations –Total population No new indicators identified

14. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Crime Domain Relevant to Neighbourhood Deprivation ‘SIMD crime’ not ‘Total Crime’ –Crimes of violence –Drug Offences –Domestic Housebreaking –Minor Assault –Vandalism Does not include crimes in/near police station First included in 2006 Total populations – rate per 10,000 Move to financial year for SIMD 2009

15. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Health Deprivation Domain Indicators used: –Standardised Mortality Ratio* –Hospital Episodes related to alcohol use* –Hospital Episodes related to drug use* –Comparative Illness Factor* –Emergency Admissions to Hospital* –Proportion of population being prescribed drugs for anxiety, depression or psychosis –Proportion of live singleton births of low birth weight *Age – Sex Standardisation Methodological changes since 2004 –Removal of Shrinkage Minor changes for 2009 Normalised and combined using factor analysis

16. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Education Deprivation Domain Indicators –School pupil absences –Pupil Performance on SQA at Stage 4 –Working age people with no qualifications –17-21 year olds enrolling into HE –People ages 16-18 not in full time education, employment or training NEET indicator change for 2009 Populations relevant to indicator Combined using factor analysis

17. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Access to Services Domain (indicators) Drive Times –GP –Shopping facilities (Supermarket in 2004) –Petrol Station –Primary and Secondary Schools (Primary only in 2004) –Post Office Public Transport (Not included in SIMD 2004) –GP –Shopping Facilities –Post Office

18. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Population weighted based on COAs Factor analysis within sub-domains Methodology and modelling changes Change to sub-domain weights. (3/4:1/4 – 2/3:1/3) Access to Services Domain (methodology)

19. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Creating the index Exponential Transformation Weights based on: –Academic research –Data quality Sensitivity analysis Use ranks for analysis

20. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Points to watch Data from 2007 and 2008 means the recent economic downturn not picked up but it is unlikely to have a large effect on the relative differences across Scotland. Changes to methodology so care is needed when comparing over time eg crime domain, tax credit data. There will always be a 15% most deprived – if a datazone moves out another will move in. The Index is relative ie shows an area is more or less deprived than another one but not how much more deprived. Use Income and Employment domains and the indicators. The least deprived area is not the most affluent, it just lacks deprivation eg in the income domain there is a lack of benefit claimants

21. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Points to watch No datazones in the 15% most deprived does not mean no deprivation, just no concentrations of multiple deprivation Not all people who are deprived live in deprived areas. The index measures concentrations of deprivation 36% of income deprived people live in the 15% most deprived areas 64% live out with 15% most deprived. Index does work in rural areas just fewer concentrations of multiple deprivation and more mixed populations.

22. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2009 Summary Results

23. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Headline findings

24. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Headline findings Improvements in Glasgow Concentrations of multiple deprivation becoming more spread out geographically Concentrations of deprivation in most deprived datazones reduced slightly

25. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Datazones in the 15% most deprived overall

26. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Headline findings Improvements in Glasgow Concentrations of multiple deprivation becoming more spread out geographically Concentrations of deprivation in most deprived datazones reduced slightly 4 in 5 datazones that moved out between SIMD 2004 and SIMD 2006 stayed out in SIMD 2009 4 in 5 datazones in 15% most deprived in SIMD 2009 have been in on both SIMD 2004 and SIMD 2006

27. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Most deprived datazone S01003279 East end of Glasgow. Ranked 62 in SIMD 2006 DZ ranked 1 in SIMD 2006 now ranked 2

28. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2009 National Share

29. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2009 – National Share (part 1) *The national share is the number/percentage of datazones in the 15% most deprived in Scotland that fall in each Local Authority

30. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2009 – National Share (part 2) *The national share is the number/percentage of datazones in the 15% most deprived in Scotland that fall in each Local Authority

31. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2009 – National Share (part 3) *The national share is the number/percentage of datazones in the 15% most deprived in Scotland that fall in each Local Authority

32. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2009 Local Share

33. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2009 – Local Share (part 1) *The local share is the percentage of datazones within a Local Authority that fall within the 15% most deprived in Scotland

34. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2009 – Local Share (part 2) *The local share is the percentage of datazones within a Local Authority that fall within the 15% most deprived in Scotland

35. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2009 – Local Share (part 3) *The local share is the percentage of datazones within a Local Authority that fall within the 15% most deprived in Scotland

36. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd So, is Glasgow worse than Edinburgh? –Relatively speaking, using this measure Glasgow is more deprived than Edinburgh

37. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Datazone movement

38. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Datazone movement by vigintile

39. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Datazone moving out of 15% MD

40. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Datazone moving into 15% MD

41. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2009 Domains

42. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Employment domain

43. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Income domain

44. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2009 outputs

45. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Where to find more.. General report with initial analysis Technical report Guidance leaflet Interactive mapping website Statistical Compendium –tables, charts & maps Background data for SIMD 2006 www.scotland.gov.uk/simd More to come…

46. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Interactive mapping website

47. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Interactive mapping

48. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd

54. ANY QUESTIONS? Contacts: Matt Perkins Tel: 0131 244 0443 matt.perkins@scotland.gsi.gov.uk Niamh Laffan Tel: 0131 244 3331 niamh.laffan@scotland.gsi.gov.uk@scotland.gsi.gov.uk Neighbourhood Statistics (SNS & SIMD) Tel: 0131 244 0442 neighbourhoodstatistics@scotland.gov.uk