2. Organic Compounds Carbon compounds Made by living organisms A few carbon compounds are considered inorganic: carbon oxides, carbides, carbonates

3. Carbon Always share electrons Four covalent bonds

4. Organic Hydrogen Atoms near Carbon: nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, halogens Other carbon atoms – form chains, branches, rings, cage-like forms Millions of different carbon-based compounds have been identified

5. Hydrocarbons Contain only carbon and hydrogen How many are there?

6. FYI Cracking Break large chains of hydrocarbons Process: absence of oxygen needs a catalyst Gasoline Plastic products films synthetic fabrics

7. One Example

9. Fracking is the process of drilling down into the earth before a high-pressure water mixture is directed at the rock to release the gas inside. Water, sand and chemicals are injected into the rock at high pressure which allows the gas to flow out to the head of the well. In Michigan, fracking is done with CO 2 from coal plants. They pump the CO 2 into the ground instead of into the air. Less air pollution and it replaces the water, sand and chemicals. Put new coal processing plants directly on top of oil so they do not have to worry about delivery issues.

10. Recall Types of Covalent Bonds

11. Methane CH 4

12. Saturated Hydrocarbons All single bonds

13. Isomers Two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but different molecular structures. How many ways can you arrange C 4 H 10 ?

14. C 4 H 10 Structural Isomers of Butane

15. FYI Stereoisomers

16. FYI Chirality

17. Saturated Isomers Propane C 2 H 6 Are there any isomers?

18. Pentane C 5 H 12 Draw all the isomers.

19. Isomers of Pentane

20. Shorthand Isomers

21. Naming Isomers of Pentane 4 3 2 1

22. Start with butane Replace one H with Cl 1-chlorobutane 4 3 2 1

23. Start with butane Replace one H with Cl 2-chlorobutane 4 3 2 1

24. Start with butane Replace one H with Cl 4-chlorobutane 4 3 2 1

25. Start with Butane Replace one H with Cl and another with Br 4-bromo-1-chlorobutane 4 3 2 1

26. Practice: Draw and Name Start with Butane 1.Bromine on #3 2.Bromine on #2 and Chlorine #3 3.2 bromines on #4

27. Practice 1.1-bromo-4-chloropentane 2.1-chloro-3-bromo-5-chloropentane 3.Name 4.Name

29. Polymer: repeated unit

30. MonoMono and Poly SaccharidePoly

31. Lipids (store energy) Saturated and Unsaturated Fats SaturatedUnsaturated