1. Our Universe in Time (intro survey)

2. Everything's moving! From studying these motions “we” find …. Our universe is expanding – and hence has a history We don’t know what most of the matter in it is!

3. How are we moving through space?

4. Earth spins on it’s axis! Period: 1 day Speed: 1670 km/hr (@ eq.)

5. Earth Orbits sun! Period: 1 yearAverage speed: 107,000 km/hr (relative to sun)

6. Sun’s motion within the galaxy!

7. PROBLEM

9. Matter-Energy in the universe

10. Motion within the Local Group! ~360,000 km/hr Crash in 3 to 5 billion years

11. This illustration shows a stage in the predicted merger between our Milky Way galaxy and the neighboring Andromeda galaxy, as it will unfold over the next several billion years. In this image, representing Earth's night sky in 3.75 billion years, Andromeda (left) fills the field of view and begins to distort the Milky Way with tidal pull. (Credit: NASA; ESA; Z. Levay and R. van der Marel, STScI; T. Hallas; and A. Mellinger)

12. Motion at the Cosmic scale!

13. Is it just US? Is it something we said? The Basic assumptions of cosmology: Universe is isotropic Universe is homogenous

14. Expanding Universe 0 32 1 4 76 5 -2

15. Expanding Universe 0 32 1 4 76 5 -2 (1 hour later)

16. Position before Position after apparent speed Galaxy -1 ly +1 ly +2 ly +3 ly -2 ly +2 ly +4 ly +6 ly -1 ly/hr +1 ly/hr +2 ly/hr +3 ly/hr Relative to yellow galaxy

17. 0 32 1 4 76 5 -2 Current position (ly) Relative speed (ly/hr) 1 2 3 4

18. In a length of the universe 3.3 Mly long, 70 km of ‘new space’ is added each second.

19. EXPANSION A BEGINNING ( ~ 14 billion years ago ) Tricky: Universe hasn’t always expanded at the same rate

20. TIME = ~ 0

21. The Early Universe Really hot and really dense Hydrogen and Helium ~ 380,000 years

22. Where do we come from ?

24. Hydrogen and Helium ~ 400,000 years First Stars & Galaxies (H and He)

25. Stellar recyling Gas and dust Star “lives” Star “dies” (Mostly H and He) Stellar fusion creates heavier elements: notably Oxygen and Carbon!

26. Stellar recyling Gas and dust Star “lives” Star “dies” (Mostly H and He) Stellar fusion creates heavier elements: notably Oxygen and Carbon!

27. Returns the ‘common’ light elements: i.e. carbon, nitrogen, silicon, iron Returns the rarer, heavy elements: i.e. gold