1. AFTER WORLD WAR I

2. TOTALITARIANISM Government takes total control over every aspect of public and private life Police spy on the citizens and intimidate them to enforce the governments policies

3. …CONTINUED… Government use propaganda [true or not true] to sway people to accept certain beliefs or actions Permission is required by the government for any type of media to be released Create “enemies of the state” to blame for things that go wrong These normally are members of religious or ethnic group

4. JOSEPH STALIN By 1938, Stalin was in complete and total command of the Communist Party Stalin completely transformed the government of the Soviet Union Great Purge: eliminated anyone who threatened Stalin’s power Executed or sent to labor camps 8 million to 13 million deaths

5. Women gained rights and in 1917 women were declared equal to men By 1930- Stalin had successfully turned the Soviet Union into a totalitarian regime

6. COMMUNISM IN CHINA In 1912, China was considered the new Republic of China under the President of Sun Yixian He hoped to establish a modern government – nationalism, people’s rights, and people’s livelihood Lacking in authority, he turned the presidency over to Yuan Shikai who quickly betrayed the democratic ideals that Sun wanted to instill

7. CONTINUED… In 1923, Lenin sent military advisers and equipment to China to help transform China’s government into communism There was still a Nationalist party during the rise of the Communist party in China and obviously, heads butted. By 1930, Civil War broke out in China between the Nationalist and the Communist During the war, Japan decided to invade China which forced the leaders of the Nationalist and Communist parties to join forces to fight Japan 1937- Japan launched an all-out invasion of China Nationalist and Communist leaders forced a truce between them which brought the Civil War to a close

8. MOHANDAS K. GANDHI Leader of the Independence movement in India Attracted millions of followers and led the movement for India to gain independence from Britain Gandhi instructed the Indians to refuse to buy British goods, pay British taxes, or vote in British elections. Gandhi led his followers in strikes and demonstrations against the British which caused an economic downturn for Britain Eventually Britain passed the Government of India Act in 1935 which let India have local self-government and some democratic elections though not complete Independence

9. NATIONALISM IN INDIA AND SOUTHWEST ASIA The breakup of the Ottoman Empire and growing interest in Southwest Asia led to the rise of nationalism in these regions Just like India wanted independence, so did the people of Southwest Asia

10. FORMING OF COUNTRIES- TURKEY The Ottoman Empire was forced to give up all of it’s territories except for Turkey 1919- Greek soldiers invaded Turkey Mustafa Kemal- led Turkish nationalists in fighting back the Greeks and gained Independence In 1923- Kemal became President of the new Republic of Turkey and began to transform Turkey into a modern nation

11. FORMING OF COUNTRIES- IRAN Great Britain and Russia established spheres of influence in the ancient country of Persia While Russia was dealing with the Bolshevik Revolution, Britain tried to take over Persia This triggered a nationalist revolt in Persia which led to a Persian army officer seizing power Reza Shah Pahlavi- new leader of Persia who set to modernize his country and changed the name of Persia to Iran

12. SAUDI ARABIA AND OIL Saudi Arabia held strictly to Islamic law The Saudi government was based on custom, religion, and family ties Oil brought explorations to Southwest Asia Foreign businesses invested huge sums of money to develop these oil fields Western nations tried to dominate this region