1. Chapter 5 –Water Pollution (Hwk#5- pp.146 2,4,5) point source.vs. disperse source – confined or localized source.vs. a body of pollutant sources thermal.vs. enrichment pollution – higher water temperatures due to the additions of pollutant (i.e. some fish flourish at higher temperatures, but higher temperatures decrease water solubility)

2. Chapter 5 –Water Pollution Thermal pollution prevention-Natural draft hyperbolic cooling tower. Sediments- smothers organisms at bottom of body of water and disrupts reproductive cycles of fish Soil Erosion – can remove the topsoils or fertile soils from the land, leaving it barren (i.e. disrupts photosynthesis when in water,caused by construction and landuse)

3. Chapter 5 –Water Pollution Note: Soil Erosion Prevention techniques is found on pp. 126 & 127 Reaeration –oxygen transfer between air and water plume- a conical distribution of contaminants

4. Chapter 5 –Water Pollution

5. Lake Pollution Eutrophication- due to nutrient enrichment a lake begins to age into a marsh(a natural form of pollution) Chapter 5 –Water Pollution Note: Zone of stream pollution on page 130 &131

6. Source of Contamination Industrial- TCE, oil spills, impoundment leakage Sewage disposal systems – improper design and maintenance Municipal landfills-poor or no liner material Mining and Petroleum products- leaky USTs or gasoline stations Agriculture –Nitrates, Pesticides and fertilizers. Saltwater Intrusion – within drinking water due to excessive well water usage(pp.138) Chapter 5 –Water Pollution Note: phosphorus in lakes is caused by wastewater effluents and runoff. Nitrogen and phosphorus enter are introduced from agricultural areas. Methods of prevention: Create streams or interceptor pipelines Introduce a specified amount of copper sulfate

7. Estuaries- are natural transition zone between salt and fresh water (including bays, river mouths, and salt marshes) The ocean depends on Estuaries for Nutrients Multiport diffusers-pp.140 Prevent plumes of sewage from going back to the shore and create uniform distribution and prevents boil Ocean dumping of Sludge- Banned by Congress. (i.e. N.Y.C ships sludge by rail to Texas). Oil Spills – Prevented by stricter int’l standards Chapter 5 –Water Pollution Ocean Pollution(3.5% dissolved solids)

8. Chapter 5 –Water Pollution (Water Quality Standards)