2. PERSONALITY PRESENTED BY ZAKIR HUSSAIN

3. What is Personality? s People differ from s each other in meaningful ways s People seem to show some consistency in behavior Personality is defined as distinctive and relatively enduring ways of thinking, feeling, and acting. Personality refers to a person’s unique and relatively stable pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions. Personality is an interaction between biology and environment.

5. Four Theories of Personality 1. Trait (specific dimensions of personality) 2. Psychoanalytic ( unconscious motivations) 3. Humanistic (inner capacity for growth) 4. Social-Cognitive (influence of environment)

6. Personality Traits Traits are relatively stable and consistent personal characteristics Trait personality theories suggest that a person can be described on the basis of some number of personality traits Allport identified some 4,500 traits Cattel used factor analysis to identify 30-35 basic traits Eysenck argued there are 3 distinct traits in personality Extraversion/introversion Neuroticism Psychotocism Allport

7. Overview of the Big “5” Emotional Stability Calm/Anxious Secure/Insecure Extraversion Sociable/Retiring Fun Loving/Sober Openness Imaginative/Practical Independent/Conforming Agreeableness Conscientiousness Soft-Hearted/Ruthless Trusting/Suspicious Organized/Disorganized Careful/Careless

8. Assessing Traits: An Example Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests developed to identify emotional disorders MMPI: examples Nothing in the newspaper interests me except the comics.” “I get angry sometimes.”

9. Psychoanalytic Theory Psychoanalytic theory, as devised by Freud, attempts to explain personality on the basis of unconscious mental forces s Levels of consciousness Conscious What we’re aware of Preconscious Memories etc. that can be recalled Unconscious Wishes, feelings, impulses that lies beyond awareness s Structures of Personality Id Operates according to the “pleasure principle” Ego Operates according to the “reality” principle Superego Contains values and ideals

10. Unconscious below the surface (thoughts, feelings, wishes, memories) Repression banishing unacceptable thoughts & passions to unconscious Dreams & Slips “ The mind is like an iceburg – Mostly hidden” Conscious Awareness small part above surface (Preconscious)

11. Freud & Personality Structure Id - energy constantly striving to satisfy basic drives Pleasure Principle Ego - seeks to gratify the Id in realistic ways Reality Principle Super Ego - voice of conscience that focuses on how we ought to behave Ego Super Ego Id

12. Humanistic Theory Humanistic personality theories reject psychoanalytic notions Humanistic theories view each person as basically good and that people are striving for self-fulfillment Humanistic theory argues that people carry a perception of themselves and of the world The goal for a humanist is to develop/promote a positive self- concept sCarl Rogers We have needs for: Self-consistency (absence of conflict between self-perceptions Congruence (consistency between self-perceptions and experience) People with low self-esteem generally have poor congruence between their self-concepts and life experiences.

13. Humanistic Perspectives ▲ Abraham Maslow emphasized the basic goodness of human nature and a natural tendency toward self-actualization.

14. Behavior learned through conditioning & observation What we think about our situation affects our behavior Interaction of Environment & Intellect

15. Locus of Control s Internal locus of control s You pretty much control your own destiny s External locus of control Luck, chance, and powerful others control behavior

16. 10 Good Traits and Characteristics of a Successful Manager 1.SELF MOTIVATION. 2. GREAT CUTOMER SERVICES SKILLS. 3.INTERGRITY AND TRUTHWORTHINESS. 4. BEING A TEAM PLAYER. 5.CONFLICT RESOLUTION ABILITIES. 6. KNOWLEDGE OF THE INDUSTRY. 7.DEPENDABILITY. 8. ABILITY TO REMAIN CALM. 9. OPTIMISTIC ATTITUDE. 10. LEADER-SHIP SKILLS.