1.  Personality Assessment Ontology (PAO) Brian Donohue and J. Neil Otte University at Buffalo

2. personality a peculiar combination of affective, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral response patterns held by an individual

3.  Outline I. Linking personality tests to the Five Factor Model II. Building PAO III. Related Ontologies IV. Further Research

4. Existing Personality Tests: e.g. Myers-Briggs

5. Factorial Analysis  Factorial Analysis: A statistical method used to describe variability among observed, correlated variables in terms of a potentially lower number of unobserved variables.  Using Factorial Analysis, one can (for example) determine that six observed variables reflect the variations in two unobserved variables:  ‘Exhibition,’ ‘Ascendance,’ ‘Dominance’  Extraversion  ‘Borderline,’ ‘Low Objectivity,’ ‘Psychasthenia’  Neuroticism

6. Five Factor Model  Tupes and Christal (1961) found five recurrent factors in analyses of personality ratings in eight different samples:  “In many ways it seems remarkable that such stability should be found in an area which to date has granted anything but consistent results. Undoubtedly the consistency has always been there, but it has been hidden by inconsistency of factorial techniques and philosophies, the lack of replication using identical variables, and disagreement among analysts as to factor titles” (p. 12)

7. Five Factor Model

9. From Personality Assays to Five Factors

10. Building the Ontology  Scope: What do we need to account for?  Factors, e.g. Agreeableness  Subfactors, e.g. Feeling  Assays, e.g. Myers-Briggs  Persons with Roles  Values representing the specified output of the assay  Concern: Discrepancies among the questionnaires!  Quantity: Few vs. Many  Format: True/False, Multiple Choice, Ordinal vs. Interval  Thoroughness: for some, only two factors evaluated…  Negatively correlated values

11. PAO 1.0  Initial thought: If subfactors are reducible to the five factors, e.g. ‘Likability’ (Hogan) to Agreeableness, then a measurement of a subfactor just is a measurement of one of the five factors.  So we’ll just say they’re equivalent classes …

14. MULTIPLE INHERITANCE

15. PAO 1.0 How do processes and the data produced by the assays fit into the ontology?

16. Related Ontologies  Mental Functioning Ontology  Emotion Ontology  Neuropsychological Testing Ontology

17. Emotion Ontology

18. Neuropsychological Testing Ontology

19. PAO 2.0: Improvements  Assays are processes (occurrents)  Each personality test has parts, which are each assays of appropriate personality dimensions (Five Factors)  Each assay has a specified output, ranging from 1 to 100  Personality dimensions are parts of personality  Personality is a disposition of a person  Persons have roles: evaluator, evaluant…

20. PAO 2.0: Some Examples  Hogan Personality Inventory has_part some Likability_Assay.  Likability_Assay has_specified_output some Likability_Score.  Likability_Score is_a Agreeableness_Score.  Agreeableness_Score is_a Scalar_Personality_Measurement Datum that contains information of measurement of definite value (1- 100) of Agreeableness of some Personality of some Person.  Agreeableness is_a Personality_Dimension characterized by…

26. Negatively Correlated Scores x = 100 - n

27. Further Research: We’d like to see…  The incorporation of standards to automate diagnosis.  A significance score for each test to allow for aggregation of tests and test scores.

28. Thank you! Q & A