1. HL IB Bio Mrs. Whitman and Mr. Everhart
The Liver
HL IB Bio Mrs. Whitman and Mr. Everhart

6. Circulation of Blood

10. Sinusoids=-large lumen

11. Lobule: Sinusoids

12. Kupffer=phagocytes

13. Nutrient Storage Homeostasis Sugar+salt=osmolarity (osmolues/ liter)
Extra amino acids
No matter meal, liver maintains and regulates nutrients
Ex: sugar 90mg/100mL
Extra glucose=glycogen in hepatocytes; if in need turn into glucose

14. Nutrient Storage
Ex: extra amino acids=ammoniaurea

15. Storage of nutrients Carbs: glucoseglycogen
Controlled by pancreatic hormones (insulin and glucagon)
Iron: component of hemoglobin
Liver breaks down dead RBC and stores Fe in ferritin
Vit A: vision: rhodopsin (low light); rods in retina
Night blindness

16. Storage of Nutrients cont
Vit D: uptakes Ca; prevents rickets
B12: helps nerve and blood cells
Prevents anemia

17. Liver synthesizes plasma proteins & cholesterol
Albumin- osmotic pressure (tendency to uptake water)
Fibrinogen- precursor for fibrin (clots blood)

18. Detox Hepatocytes have enzymes that break down toxins Alcohol
Preservatives
Herbicides
Nicotine

19. Alcohol Abuse
Alcohol brought in via hepatic portal vein, converted by hepatocytes, unconverted brought back through sinusoids via hepatic artery

20. Alcohol Abuse Healthy cells replaced by fibrous scar tissue cirrhosis
Fat accumulates
Inflammation= alcoholic hepatitis
Liver regerates

21. Erythrocyte and hemoglobin break down
RBS rupture after 120 days
Kupffer cells break down hemoglobin into globin and heme

23. Heme broken down into Iron and bilirubin (bile pigment)
Globin is broken down into amino acids and returned into the blood to later be used in protein synthesis
Heme broken down into Iron and bilirubin (bile pigment)
Iron is either stored or sent to bone marrow to contribute to new RBC
Bilirubin is absorbed by hepatocytes and used to synthesize bile