1. News http://www.dailyfueleconomytip.com/creative-ideas/gps- systems-can-cut-your-carbon-footprint-and-your- commute/http://www.dailyfueleconomytip.com/creative-ideas/gps- systems-can-cut-your-carbon-footprint-and-your- commute/ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8302161.stm http://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/10/coal-plants- dump-thousands-gallons-waste-drinking-water- day.php?dcitc=th_rsshttp://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/10/coal-plants- dump-thousands-gallons-waste-drinking-water- day.php?dcitc=th_rss http://rawstory.com/2009/10/bush-administration- covered-up-epa-global-warming-finding-email-reveals/http://rawstory.com/2009/10/bush-administration- covered-up-epa-global-warming-finding-email-reveals/ http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/15/business/energy- environment/15degrees.html?_r=2&hphttp://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/15/business/energy- environment/15degrees.html?_r=2&hp http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/green/articles/2009/10/1 5/mass_waterway_members_resign_over_safety_issues /http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/green/articles/2009/10/1 5/mass_waterway_members_resign_over_safety_issues /

2. What features do you notice? Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

4. Features

5. Observations Earth is 71% under water Mountain ranges are long lines Mid-Ocean ridges are long arcs Trenches Seamounts Flat portions of the earth –Continental shelves –Ocean bottom

6. Hypsographic Curve 2005-07-01 13:46 Zyzzy 1040×530× (40680 bytes) Earth's hypsography {{cc-by- 2.0}}Zyzzy

7. Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

8. Plate Tectonics Two types of crust –Oceanic –Continental Convective Mantle (plates move) –Magnetic Anomalies –Hot Spots Plate Boundaries –Convergent –Divergent –Transform

9. Plate Tectonics Is Responsible Drawing modified from Montgomery: Environmental Geology; © 2002, McGraw Hill Image courtesy of United States Geological Survey

10. Geologic Processes: Structure of the Earth Fig. 4-7 p. 60 Image courtesy of Wikipedia under Creative Commons licenseWikipedia

11. Plate Tectonics  Divergent boundary  Convergent boundary  Subduction zone  Transform fault Refer to Fig. 16-3 p. 334 Fig. 16-5 p. 336 Image courtesy of United States Geological Survey

13. Magnetic Anomalies Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

14. Convergent Plate Boundaries Continent-Ocean Fig. 16-2 p. 333 Image courtesy of WikipediaWikipedia

15. Convergent: Ocean-Ocean Image courtesy of WikipediaWikipedia

16. Convergent: Continent-Continent Image courtesy of WikipediaWikipedia

17. Transform Fault Image courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey

18. Transform Fault Image courtesy of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University

19. Earth’s Major Tectonic Plates Fig. 16-4, p. 335 Source: USGS

20. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Pa ngea_animation_03.gif Pangaea Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

22. Ring of Fire

23. Hot Spot Volcanoes Image courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey

24. Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

25. Earth’s Major Tectonic Plates Fig. 16-4, p. 335 Image courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey

26. Hydrothermal Vents Image courtesy of U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

27. White clam Magma Black smoker Sulfide deposit White crab Tube worms White smoker Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

28. Hydrothermal Vents Image courtesy of U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

30. Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

31. External Earth Processes  Erosion  Mechanical weathering  Frost wedging  Chemical weathering  Biological weathering

32. Natural Hazards: Volcanic Eruptions Fig. 16-8 p. 338 Image courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey

33. Minerals and Rocks  Mineral (diamond, quartz) Rock Types  Igneous (granite, basalt)  Sedimentary (limestone, sandstone)  Metamorphic (marble, slate)

34. Fig. 16-9 p. 339 Igneous Rock Granite, Pumice, Basalt Sedimentary Rock Shale, Sandstone, Limestone Metamorphic Rock Slate, Quartzite, Marble Magma (Molten Rock) Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition Heat, Pressure Heat, Pressure Heat, Pressure Heat, Pressure Rock Cycle

35. Supplies of Mineral Resources  Economic depletion  Depletion time  Foreign sources  Economics  Environmental concerns  Mining the ocean  Finding substitutes Fig. 16-16 p. 346  New technologies Images removed due to copyright restrictions.