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Cardiovascular Disease. Caused by Atherosclerosis –Blocked artery By plaque Arteriosclerosis –“Hardening of the arteries”

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Presentation on theme: "Cardiovascular Disease. Caused by Atherosclerosis –Blocked artery By plaque Arteriosclerosis –“Hardening of the arteries”"— Presentation transcript:

1 Cardiovascular Disease

2 Caused by Atherosclerosis –Blocked artery By plaque Arteriosclerosis –“Hardening of the arteries”

3 Coronary Artery Disease Plaque buildup in arteries of the heart No outward symptoms Can produce a myocardial infarction –Heart attack –Due to blocked artery

4 Stroke Third most frequent cause of death Blocked artery in the brain Due to –arteriosclerosis Common stroke –Blocked artery Hemorrhagic stroke –Burst blood vessel

5 Hypertension Abnormally high blood pressure Best predictor of heart attack and stroke

6 Declining death rates in cardiovascular disease Due to: –Better diet –Reduction in cigarette smoking –Improved emergency care

7 Framingham Heart Study Risk factors for heart disease –Cigarette smoking –High cholesterol –Hypertension –Sedentary lifestyle –Obesity

8 Framingham Heart Study LDL - Low-density lipoprotein –Positively related to cardiovascular disease –“L” = Lousy High-density lipoprotein –Protection against heart disease

9 Cholesterol Total cholesterol –= LDL + HDL + Triglycerides Ratio Total cholesterol to HDL e.g. 4.5:1 Lower is better

10 Periodontal (gum) disease & CVD Chronic inflammation = increased risk of CVD Anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin) Lowers risk of heart attack

11 Smoking Less smoking = lower cardiovascular death

12 Diet Fruits, vegetables & fish reduce heart attack (CVD) risk

13 Social support Single, divorced, or widowed men = most at risk of CVD Marriage & social support help

14 Anger Anger increased risk of heart attack (CVD)

15 Hostility Cynical hostility = especially harmful to CV health

16 Optimistic bias “It won’t happen to me.”

17 Hypertension = High Blood Pressure Reducing it is difficult because No visible symptoms To reduce it: Lose weight Reduce salt Better diet Fruits, vegetable, whole grain, low-fat dairy Regular physical activity

18 Effect of nonfatal heart attack on sex Fear of having sex Not justified


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