2. Fires need three components : fuel, oxygen, and heat. Removing or disrupting one of the points of the fire triangle will prevent or extinguish a fire. Reducing the amount of fuel available to support a fire is important. For most fires, it is not the flammable liquid that is burning, but rather vapor from the liquid that mixes with air and burns. Removing the liquid, however, will quickly reduce the amount of vapor. Smothering the fire will reduce the amount of oxygen and extinguish the fire.

3. P is for Pull A is for Aim S is for Squeeze S is for Sweep

4. Science skills are used to gather, organize, and communicate information. They include: 1. Observing - Look at what’s going on 2. Researching - Check to see what’s already known

5. The rabbit in the the hat.

6. 3. Measuring - Using a device to give measurable, repeatable data. 4. Inferring - “What do I understand from this so far?”

7. 5. Classifying - Putting stuff into groups by some characteristic 6. Organizing - Making logical groups 7. Predicting - Tell/Think what will happen next

8. 8. Hypothesizing – If …. Then…. 9. Modeling - A slice of the real world; not all of it 10. Analyzing - “What does this mean?” 11. Communicating - Passing the information you found on to others (report/table/graph, etc.)

9. READ and FOLLOW DIRECTIONS! 93% of lab accidents happen because someone didn’t follow directions!

11. There are 2 reasons:

12. can be fixed: adding or other math operation wrong not following directions having a scale set to ounces (oz) rather than grams (g) electronic scale not zeroed before weighing misreading data setting up a graph incorrectly A mistake can be fixed by going back and redoing the procedure correctly. A MISTAKE is something that can be fixed: adding or other math operation wrong not following directions having a scale set to ounces (oz) rather than grams (g) electronic scale not zeroed before weighing misreading data setting up a graph incorrectly A mistake can be fixed by going back and redoing the procedure correctly.

13. EX: Mistake: Multiplied instead of divided/ wrote 1.54 instead of 1.45. Mistakes can be corrected once they are pointed out (or by being careful the first time!)

14. cannot be fixed, as it isn’t a mistake: how fast you chew saliva makeup electronic scale off ruler not accurately marked timer running slow or fast An error can’t be fixed – you may not even be aware it’s happened or is even there!

15. Every measurement has some error. This is different than a mistake. An error is the difference between the measured value and the actual or theoretically correct value.

16. EX: Error: Inaccuracy of a measuring device Errors include inaccuracy of stopwatches, metersticks, etc., as well as human reaction time when timing. Any variable that cannot be completely controlled by the experimenter is open to error.

18. Independent Variable: something that is changed by the scientist. It is what we choose. (time is a good example). It is w hat is tested.

19. Dependent Variable: something that might be affected by the change in the independent variable. It is what we measure. It is the data that changes as the independent variable changes. It is the data collected during the investigation

20. People of different ages were asked to put a puzzle together. They were timed.

21. Ages of the people People of different ages were chosen by the scientist. Ages varied.

22. The time it to put the puzzle together The time was measured by the scientist

23. Same puzzle All of the participants were tested with the same puzzle. It would not have been a fair test if some had an easy 30 piece puzzle and some had a harder 500 piece puzzle.

27. Different sizes of nails were chosen by the scientist.

28. How many paper clips were picked up. The number of paper clips was measured.

29. Same battery, wire, type of nail None of these items were changed

31. Independent variable Independent variable: temperature of water Dependent variable: time to cook an egg Control: Control: type of egg, the stove, the pot, the amount of water, type of water, temperature of the water

33. Independent variable: Independent variable: depth of the water Dependent variable: Dependent variable: temperature Control: Control: thermometer, same lake, same time of day

35. Design an investigation to test this hypothesis. Identify the variables & controls What exactly will be changed? How will it be changed? What exactly will be measured? How will it be measured?

36. Design an investigation to test this hypothesis. Identify the variables & controls What exactly will be changed? How will it be changed? What exactly will be measured? How will it be measured?