2. WORLD WAR I (1914-1918)

3.  Britain threatened by Germany’s industrial success  Germany felt disrespected by rest of Europe  France had old grudge against Germany  Russia felt they had to prove themselves to Europe  Germany builds huge military so other European nations do too= competition GROWING RIVALRIES

4. 4 Main Factors led to WWI in Europe:  Militarism  Alliance System  Imperialism  Nationalism THE M.A.I.N CAUSES OF WWI

5.  Militarism – policy of building up, glorifying military; belief that only way to guarantee peace is to prepare for war  Arms race: Countries wanted to prove they had the best military; competition for best weapons  Reliance on military strength and building up military size MILITARISM Here comes the BOOM!

6.  Alliance System – promises between nations to support each other in case of war  Meant that if two nations fought, all of Europe would get involved  Mutual defense treaties placed European countries into 2 main groups:  Triple Alliance  Triple Entente ALLIANCES

7. Triple Alliance  Germany  Austria-Hungary  Italy Triple Entente  Great Britain  France  Russia MILITARY ALLIANCES

8.  Imperialism – policy of taking over places and making them into colonies  Colonies were exploited for raw materials & to aid in industrialization  France & Britain colonized most of the world  Germany tried gain colonies, which threatened France & Britain Territorial rivalries:  France wanted Alsace Lorraine from Germany  Russia wanted ice-free harbors IMPERIALISM

9.  Nationalism: cultural identity based on common language, religion, and national symbols  Germany proud of economic & military strength  Russia= “Pan- Slavism”  Russia+Serbia  French wanted Alsace- Lorraine back  Austria-Hungary feared rebellions NATIONALISM

10.  Archduke Franz Ferdinand was visiting Bosnia  He was the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary  This was an area Serbia wanted to join  1914, he was assassinated by a Serbian Nationalist THE SPARK: ASSASSINATION LEADS TO WAR!!!

11.  Ottoman Empire (Turkey) disbanded & independent nations supported by Russia  Alliance system pulled nations into conflict one by one  If a nation had sworn to protect another, it had to declare war on that nations enemies CHAIN REACTION

12.  Ferdinand assassinated  Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia  Russia mobilized for war  Germany declared war on Russia & France (ally)  Great Britain aided France & declared war on Germany  Germany thinks France will help Russia, so they launch the Schlieffen Plan SPECIFIC CAUSE

13. STRATEGY & TECHNOLOGY

14.  German plan to quickly defeat France, then focus on Russia  Plan= to take neutral Belgium before Great Britain could mobilize  Russian Army mobilizes quicker than expected  German retreat  Plan fails, leads to stalemate & trench warfare on Western Front SCHLIEFFEN PLAN FAIL!

15.  Kind of combat on the Western Front  Huge number of deaths, very little movement  Defense was best strategy  Conditions in trenches were terrible  Trenches were wet, muddy, cold, and damp, with disease, lice, trench foot, and rats, as well as shell shock TRENCH WARFARE

16. TRENCH PARTS http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/a nimations/wwone_movies/index_embed.sht ml

18.  Modern weapons=High casualties  Germans then Allies used poison gas, tanks, airplanes, & modern submarines  Germany used zeppelins & airplanes w/ machine guns  “Flying Aces” pilots= dog fights in the sky  German used U-boat submarines to damage trade & shipping WEAPONS & TECHNOLOGY

19. NEW WEAPONS PLAYED A BIG ROLE IN WAR

20.  Germany mobilized 13 million soldiers  Russia  12 million  Britain  9 million  France  8.5 million  Austria  8 million  1 in 4 soldiers were killed, even more wounded, lost limbs, vision, mental health, etc… THE GREAT WAR

21.  British navy blockaded Germany  In response, Germany practiced unrestricted submarine warfare  This angered many Americans, especially after Germans sank the Lusitania which killed some Americans US ENTRY

22.  To keep the US from entering, Germany tried to get Mexico to attack the US  This was called the Zimmerman Telegram  The US intercepted it, declares war on Germany  Both sides used propaganda to control public opinion US ENTRY

23.  Women stepped in to fill the jobs previously held by me who were now off at war  Many women served in military as nurses  Women’s strength during war time helped them to achieve voting rights after WWI ROLE OF WOMEN

24.  After US entry (1917), Germany & Austria- Hungary are quickly defeated  President Wilson issues Fourteen Points, his terms for resolving WWI & future wars  Armistice= cease-fire issued & signed  agree to stop fighting  Treaty of Versailles ends WWI  War ends on Nov. 11 1918  The Treaty says that Germany:  Must disarm its military  Must give up land  Must pay back money to winning countries END OF THE WAR