1. AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY, 1985-90 CHAPTER 33, Section 4 THE FALL OF THE SOVIET UNION & PROBLEMS IN THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES

2. IMPORTANT TERMS IMPORTANT TERMS MIKHAIL GORBACHEV MIKHAIL GORBACHEV I.N.F. TREATY I.N.F. TREATY GLASNOST GLASNOST PERESTROIKA PERESTROIKA COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES TIANANMEN SQUARE TIANANMEN SQUARE SANDINISTA SANDINISTA CONTRAS CONTRAS OPERATION DESERT STORM OPERATION DESERT STORM

3. IMPORTANT DATES 1985: MIKHAIL GORBACHEV BECOMES LEADER OF USSR 1989: –A–A–A–APRIL: TIANANMEN SQUARE MASSACRE –N–N–N–NOVEMBER: BERLIN WALL OPENED –D–D–D–DECEMBER: U.S. INVADES PANAMA 1990: IRAQ INVADES KUWAIT 1991: –J–J–J–JANUARY: OPERATION DESERT STORM –D–D–D–DECEMBER: COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES CREATED – FALL OF THE SOVIET UNION

9. Mikhail Gorbachev, Mikhail Gorbachev, Soviet leader, Soviet leader, 1985-91 1985-91

12. OPERATION DESERT STORM OPERATION DESERT STORM

14. DESERT STORM BATTLE PLAN DESERT STORM BATTLE PLAN

17. CHANGE IN THE U.S.S.R. CHANGE IN THE U.S.S.R. 1985: MIKHAIL GORBACHEV BECOMES SOVIET LEADER EFFECT? –G–G–G–GORBACHEV WANTS TO IMPROVE RELATIONSHIP W/ THE WEST (U.S.A.) –T–T–T–TWO BASIC IDEAS: GLASNOST – OPENNESS IN DISCUSSING SOCIAL PROBLEMS PERESTROIKA – RESTRUCTURING OF THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT & ECONOMY EXAMPLE? GORBACHEV ALLOWS… –F–F–F–FREE ELECTIONS –F–F–F–FREEDOM OF THE PRESS –L–L–L–LIMITED PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF LAND

18. CHANGES IN THE U.S.S.R. OTHER ACTIONS: OTHER ACTIONS: –1987: SIGNED I.N.F. (INTERMEDIATE RANGE NUCLEAR FORCES) TREATY W/ U.S. –DID WHAT? REDUCED # OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS EITHER SIDE HAD REDUCED # OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS EITHER SIDE HAD ALLOWED EITHER SIDE TO INSPECT THE OTHER’S NUCLEAR STOCKPILES ALLOWED EITHER SIDE TO INSPECT THE OTHER’S NUCLEAR STOCKPILES FALL OF THE SOVIET UNION: FALL OF THE SOVIET UNION: –NEW FREEDOMS LEAD TO MORE NATIONALISM IN NON-RUSSIAN SOVIET REPUBLICS –MANY BEGIN TO DELCARE INDPENDENCE –1991: GORBACHEV RESIGNS AS SOVIET PRESIDENT GORBACHEV RESIGNS AS SOVIET PRESIDENT 14 NON-RUSSIAN REPUBLICS DECLARE INDEPENDENCE 14 NON-RUSSIAN REPUBLICS DECLARE INDEPENDENCE RESULT? 1991: U.S.S.R. OFFICALLY ENDS RESULT? 1991: U.S.S.R. OFFICALLY ENDS COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES (C.I.S.) TAKES IT’S PLACE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES (C.I.S.) TAKES IT’S PLACE

19. U.S.S.R., Before 1991 U.S.S.R., Before 1991

21. DIVISIONS IN THE COMMUNIST WORLD 1988: GORBACHEV TELLS E. EUROPEAN SATELLITE NATIONS TO MOVE TOWARDS DEMOCRACY 1988: GORBACHEV TELLS E. EUROPEAN SATELLITE NATIONS TO MOVE TOWARDS DEMOCRACY THEY DO: EXAMPLE? POLAND ESTABLISHES A NON-COMMUNIST, CAPITALIST NATION THEY DO: EXAMPLE? POLAND ESTABLISHES A NON-COMMUNIST, CAPITALIST NATION 1989: EAST GERMANY OPENS THE BERLIN WALL 1989: EAST GERMANY OPENS THE BERLIN WALL 1990: GERMANY RE-UNITED 1990: GERMANY RE-UNITED RESULT? RESULT? –SOVIET-DOMINATED E.EUROPE ENDS –THE IRON CURTAIN FALLS

24. Distmantling of Distmantling of The Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall

25. CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN PROBLEMS CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN PROBLEMS SEE MAP, P.999 FOR DETAILS SEE MAP, P.999 FOR DETAILS CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN: Always important for U.S. foreign policy / security since early 20 th Century CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN: Always important for U.S. foreign policy / security since early 20 th Century WHY? WHY? –Location –Resources: Sugar, fruits, minerals, tobacco EXAMPLE? EXAMPLE? –Location: Panama – Panama Canal –Resources: Cuba – Tobacco, Sugar SO WHAT? U.S. Gov’t, Military, & businesses had a large presence there SO WHAT? U.S. Gov’t, Military, & businesses had a large presence there

27. C. AMERICA & CARIBBEAN PROBLEMS C. AMERICA & CARIBBEAN PROBLEMS WHY WOULD THE U.S. BE CONCERNED IF IT’S INFLUENCE IN THAT REGION WAS THREATENED? WHY WOULD THE U.S. BE CONCERNED IF IT’S INFLUENCE IN THAT REGION WAS THREATENED? HISTORY OF U.S. INTEREST IN LATIN AMERICA: HISTORY OF U.S. INTEREST IN LATIN AMERICA: –Examples? 1823: THE MONROE DOCTRINE 1823: THE MONROE DOCTRINE 1903: THE ROOSEVELT COROLLARY 1903: THE ROOSEVELT COROLLARY –EXPLAIN NEW PROBLEMS: NEW PROBLEMS: –1959: CASTRO’s TAKEOVER OF CUBA – THE COLD WAR RIVALRY ENTERS THE W. HEMISPHERE –1970’s & 80’s: DRUG TRAFFICKING FROM S. AMERICA USES REGION TO FUNNEL DRUGS TO U.S.

28. THE COLD WAR & LATIN AMERICA THE COLD WAR & LATIN AMERICA COLD WAR RIVALRY JUMPS INTO C. & SOUTH AMERICA 1979: NICARAGUA CIVIL WAR ENDS: COMMUNIST REBELS WIN “SANDINISTAS”- NICARAGUAN COMMUNISTS; AIDED BY SOVIETS & CUBANS U.S. WORRIED “DOMINO THEORY” TYPE OF DEVELOPMENT IN LATIN AMERICA RESPONSE: U.S. SUPPORTS ANTI-COMMUNIST GOV’Ts. & REBELS IN C. AMERICA –E–E–E–EXAMPLE? “CONTRAS” – ANTI-COMMUNIST GUERILLAS FIGHTING AGAINST SANDINISTAS

29. “SANDINISTAS” ON PATROL “SANDINISTAS” ON PATROL

30. DANIEL ORTEGA AUGUSTO SANDINO DANIEL ORTEGA AUGUSTO SANDINO

31. SANDINISTAS IN COMBAT SANDINISTAS IN COMBAT

32. That about That about covers it ; covers it ; Sandinista!, Sandinista!, The Clash, The Clash, 1980 1980

33. U.S.-SUPPORTED “CONTRAS” U.S.-SUPPORTED “CONTRAS”

35. C. AMERICAN PROBLEMS (cont’d.) C. AMERICAN PROBLEMS (cont’d.) PANAMA: DICTATOR, GEN. MANUEL NORIEGA PANAMA: DICTATOR, GEN. MANUEL NORIEGA NORIEGA ALLOWS DRUG TRAFFICKERS (mostly Cocaine traffickers) TO USE PANAMA A TRANSIT POINT FOR DRUGS HEADED TO N. AMERICA NORIEGA ALLOWS DRUG TRAFFICKERS (mostly Cocaine traffickers) TO USE PANAMA A TRANSIT POINT FOR DRUGS HEADED TO N. AMERICA PROBLEM? YES PROBLEM? YES –U.S. HAS TO REDUCE FLOW OF DRUG TO U.S. –SECURITY OF PANAMA CANAL A CONCERN RESULT? RESULT? –1989: U.S. MILITARY INVADES PANAMA –NORIEGA CAPTURED BY U.S., TRANSPORTED TO U.S. FOR PROSECUTION –NORIEGA CONVICTED OF DRUG SMUGGLING & IMPRISONED

36. Gen. Manuel Noriega, Gen. Manuel Noriega, Dictator of Panama Dictator of Panama