1. MOTIVATION
“Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate, our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure…”
-Marianne Williamson

2. DERMATOLOGY
NOT DONE YET!

3. OTITIS EXTERNA
An acute or chronic inflammatory disease of the__________________________
Clinical signs:
Head rubbing or shaking
Ear scratching
Head tilt – with the affected ear tilted down
Malodorous otic discharge (brown, greenish-yellow)
Lichenification, hyperpigmentation, crusts, erythema and excoriations may be present
Aural hematoma

4. OTITIS EXTERNA NOTE THE EXCESS BROWN EXUDATE
ERYTHEMA, ____________________,
_______________________________
____________________________

5. OTITIS EXTERNA PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Conformation Excessive moisture
Heavy, pendulous ears
Stenotic ear canals
________________
Excessive moisture
Frequent bathing or swimming
Hypersensitivities
_________________________
__________________________

6. OTITIS EXTERNA DIAGNOSIS: ____________________________ Clinical signs
Cytology, ear smear
Yeast, bacteria, cerumen, skin cells

7. OTITIS EXTERNA __________________ ____________________ They resemble
footprints, bowling pins,
or snowmen

8. OTITIS EXTERNA _____________ OTITIS ROD-SHAPED organisms
AND A SKIN CELL

9. OTITIS EXTERNA TREATMENT
Always treat the underlying condition if present
Topical meds instilled daily
______________________________________
Antibacterial, antifungal, or combination products often with steroids (otomax, tresaderm, baytril otic)
Surgical intervention may be required
Aural hematoma
Chronic conditions (Total Ear Canal Ablation)

10. ANAL SAC DISEASE
The anal sacs are located between the muscle layers of the anus at the ___________________, _________________
Each sac connects to the surface through a narrow duct.
__________________ glands produce a foul-smelling oily, brown fluid.
The sacs are naturally expressed during _____________, but can sometimes overfill.

11. ANAL SAC DISEASE
Small breed dogs

12. ANAL SAC DISEASE IMPACTION Clinical signs include:
When the sacs overfill, the water can be reabsorbed, and the material dries out.
Impaction can lead to ____________ and _____________
Clinical signs include:
scooting rear end across the floor
foul odor
painful defecation
tail chasing
___________________________________________

13. ANAL SAC DISEASE

14. ANAL SAC DISEASE DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT ________________________________
Clinical signs
TREATMENT
Flush sac
Instill antibiotic ointment
Oral antibiotics, anti-inflammatories
Surgery?

15. ANAL SAC DISEASE WEARING GLOVES, GENTLY MILK THE GLANDS IN AN UPWARD
MOTION TO EXPRESS.

16. TUMORS OF THE SKIN
Tumors are a ____________________________ characterized by progressive, _____________________________________. Benign vs. Malignant Localized vs. Invasive Malignant tumors of the skin are ___________ (epithelial origin) or sarcomas (_____________________)

17. Tumors Signalment
Older patients (> 6 yrs in dogs); (>3 yrs. in cats)
Younger patients: viral induced tumors
Breeds: Boxers and cocker spaniels
Tumors initiated by mutifactorial causes for unregulated proliferation of cells

18. BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN
HISTIOCYTOMA: small, button-like tumors that are usually pink, __________ and raised. They are __________ growing
Common locations include the pinnae, head, and legs

19. BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN
HISTIOCYTOMA
Occurs almost exclusively in young dogs <4yrs old
DIAGNOSIS
Appearance
_________________
TREATMENT
These tumors may spontaneously regress, but surgical excision is the treatment of choice
ROUND CELL TUMOR

20. BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN
LIPOMA: tumor of the _____________________(fat cells) that are typically freely movable and well-circumscribed
Common in _________, _____________, _________________ dogs
DIAGNOSIS:
Biopsy
______________________

21. BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN
LIPOMA
TREATMENT:
Surgical excision
Benign neglect
lipocytes

22. BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN
PAPILLOMAS: wart-like growths that develop as smooth, white/pink/pigmented, elevated lesions in the oral cavity (________________________) or on the skin (__________________________)
These growths are caused by a ______________________

23. BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN
PAPILLOMAS
DIAGNOSIS:
Appearance
Biopsy
TREATMENT
Usually spontaneous regression
Autogenous vaccine

24. BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN
SEBACEOUS GLAND CYSTS: Slow growing, encapuslated, round, and exude ________________________________. Caused by degenerative changes in the glandular area surrounding the follicle.
Common in cocker spaniels
DIAGNOSIS
Contents of the cyst
histology
TREATMENT
Surgical removal of ___________ encapsulated cyst (cure problem)

25. BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN
SEBACEOUS CYSTS

26. MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS
FELINE VACCINE-INDUCED FIBROSARCOMAS: rapidly developing, highly invasive, malignant tumors that occur at the site of vaccination ~4-6 weeks later.
VACCINES MOST COMMONLY IMPLICATED ARE THOSE WITH ADJUVANTS (substance that enhances the immune response by increasing the stability of a vaccine in the body) SUCH AS ________ AND ______________

27. MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS VACCINE-ASSOCIATED SARCOMAS DIAGNOSIS:
Biopsy of fine needle
aspirate
Physical exam findings
Swelling in area of recent vaccination after 1 month
Rapidly growing firm
elongated mass

28. VACCINE MAP LEFT RIGHT Front Limb Distemper combo Shoulder Hind Limb
FeLV
Give low
Rabies

29. MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS VACCINE-ASSOCIATED SARCOMAS TREATMENT
Radical surgical excision which may ________________________ is the treatment of choice
CLIENT INFORMATION
Poor prognosis if not detected early and treated aggressively
Inflammatory lumps may do develop after vaccines but usually disappear within 1-2 weeks

30. MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS
FELINE VACCINE-ASSOCIATED SARCOMAS

31. MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS
MAST CELL TUMORS: firm nodules on the skin that may be ulcerated or edematous. Mast cells contain _________ and _______________________________

32. MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS
FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATE OF MAST CELL TUMOR; NOTE THE NUMEROUS GRANULES

33. MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS
IN CATS, MAST CELL TUMORS ARE USUALLY _____________________
AND MAY SPONTANEOUSLY REGRESS

34. MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS MAST CELL TUMOR TREATMENT PROGNOSIS Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
BENADRYL
H2 blockers to treat gastric ulceration and irritation
PROGNOSIS
Depends on biopsy _______________ results

35. MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS MELANOMA (Benign or Malignant)
BENIGN:_____, slow growing,___________, pigmented
MALIGNANT: large, dome-shaped sessile +/- pigmentation
Ex: Tumors of the __________, ____________and ___________________
Poor prognosis
Metastasize readily
Recurrence after surgery is common

36. MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS
TREATMENT INVOLVES SURGICAL REMOVAL AND POSSIBLY TREATMENT WITH THE VACCINE