1. Update on Ferrybox Improvement of process understanding through the use of high frequent Ferrybox observations Henning Wehde, Dominique Durand, Pierre Jaccard and Kai Sørensen henning.wehde@niva.no

2. Ferrybox network Ferrybox network Ferrybox Ferrybox results, validation/verification, validation of satellite data Use of results, Comparison/Combination of observations from diverse platforms using numerical modelling Use of results, Comparison/Combination of observations from diverse platforms using numerical modelling

3. Ferrybox network Norrøna Nuka Arctica Collaboration Uni Bergen Svalbard Collaboration with FRS and Uni Rhode Island

4. Ferrybox system Flow through Ferrybox system –T, S, chl a fluorescence – turbidity and oxygen Sensors for above water radiance Satellite communication automatic water sampling Optional sensors measuring: –Sea surface skin-temperature, total irradiance, air temperature, true wind, UV radiation –Nutrient analysers Ferrybox flow

5. Ferrybox data used for studies of phytoplankton blooms in the Skagerrak High frequency measurements High frequency measurements (2 times/24h, night and day) Studying timing and geographic development of a bloom Studying timing and geographic development of a bloom Coupling the bloom to water masses Coupling the bloom to water masses Chlorophyll-a Fluorescence (mg/m3) Salinity Oslo Hirtshals Bloom starts

6. Ferrybox data for studying particle distribution and transport Oslo Hirtshals Turbidity, FTU

7. Validation/Verification

8. Chlorophyll a vs Flurorescence

9. Total suspended material in Skagerrak 0.2 0,8 1,5 2 3 4 5 10 MERIS TSM Mars 28. 2003 TSM product Quality flag turned on Blue TSM MERIS Pink Turb Ferryb Yellow TSM Ferryb

10. Comparison between Turbidity from Ferrybox and those from discrete samples

11. Validate data using satellite and Ferrybox monitoring (Chlorophyll)

12. Skagerrak identification of regions Salinity

13. Skagerrak, Winter nutrient concentrations as an indicator for the upcoming bloom NO3+NO2-N (µM)

14. Skagerrak, Winter nutrient concentrations as an indicator for the upcoming bloom PO4-P (µM)

15. Classification of water quality status from winter concentration of nitrate (Norwegian system).

16. Overcome mismatch observations in time and space by using of models Gabbard Buoy Possible trajectories Calculated watermass transport from Gabbard station to the FerryBox transect

17. Towards an integrated observing and forecasting system for determination of effects of Climate change Ferrybox Forecasting and model improvement assimilation in situ control Satellite data Integrated system

18. Thanks for your attention !