1. LE= life expectancy (Elinajan odote) the average number of years of life remaining at a given age 5.12.2015Marja Äijö1 (http://www.stat.fi/til/kuol/kas.html)

2. 5.12.2015Marja Äijö2 (Rapo 2008) Life expectancy Years Men Women 2008: 83 / 76.3

3. Some examples of life expectancy 2004 Japan: M 79, W 86 San Marino: M 79, W 84 Italy: M 78, W 84 Australia: M 78, W 83 Iceland: M 78, W 83 Sweden: M 78, W 83 Canada: M 78, W 83 Andorra: M 77, W 83 Singapore: M 77, W 82 Estonia: M 66, W 78 Romania: M 68, W 76 Latvia: M 66, W 76 2006 Japan: M 79, W 90 San Marino: M 80, W 83 Italy: M 78, W 84 Australia: M 79, W 84 Iceland M 80, W 83 Sweden: M 79, W 83 Canada: M 78, W 83 Andorra: M 78, W 85 Singapore: M 78, W 83 Estonia: M 67, W 79 Romania: M 69, W 76 Latvia: M 65, W 76 12/5/2015Marja Äijö3 (WHO 2006a)

4. Some examples of life expectancy 2004 Zimbabwe: M 37, W 34 Swaziland: M 36, W 39 Sierra Leone: N 37, W 40 Botswana: M 40, W 40 Zambia: M 40, W 40 Lesotho: M 39, W 44 Liberia: M 39, W 44 Angola: M 38, W 42 Mozambique: M 44, W 46 2006 Zimbabwe: M 44, W 43 Swaziland: M 41, W 43 Sierra Leone: N 39, W 42 Botswana: M 51, W 52 Zambia: M 42, W 44 Lesotho: M 40, W 44 Liberia: M 43, W 46 Angola: M 40, W 43 Mozambique: M 50, W 51 5.12.2015Marja Äijö4 (WHO 2006a)

5. DFLE = Disability-free life expectancy (terveen elinajan odote) Disability-free life expectancy is the average number of years an individual is expected to live free of disability if current patterns of mortality and disability continue to apply. Active life expectancy 5.12.2015Marja Äijö5

6. Some examples of disability free life expectancy in a year 2002 CountryMenWomen Japan 7278 Sweden7275 San Marino7176 Italy7175 Iceland7175 Australia7174 Andorra7075 Canada7074 Finland6974 Singapore6971 Romania6165 Estonia5969 Latvia5868 6 (WHO 2006b)

7. Some examples of disability free life expectancy in a year 2002 CountryMenWomen Sierra Leone 2730 Lesotho3033 Angola3235 Swaziland3335 Zimbabwe3433 Liberia3437 Zambia35 Botswana3635 Mozambique3638 12/5/20157 (WHO 2006b)

8. Disability life expectancy Disability life expectancy is the average number of years an individual is expected to live with disability or diseases. Compression of morbidity theory 5.12.2015Marja Äijö8

9. The Finnish population in 2007 and prediction to 2040 Number of people aged 65 or more increases –875 000 -> 1 550 000 –Proportion of population 16.5 % -> 27.0% –2008/2009: more people aged 65 or more than those aged 15 or less; first time in Finnish history 9

10. Population of Finland 2007 -> 2040 Number of people aged 85 or more increases " 98 000 -> 349 000 " Proportion of population 1.9 % -> 6.1 % 5.12.201510

11. Population aging: what are the implications? More older people than young people National economy problems Cost crisis of welfare Labour shortage Territorial inequality 5.12.2015Marja Äijö11 (Luoma ym. 2003)

12. Population aging: what are the implications? Good functional ability and health More older people still working Voluntary work Capital of older people More free time: possibility to travel, use services, etc. (Koskinen 2004) 5.12.2015Marja Äijö12