1. Growth & Division
Chapter 7

2. American Nationalism
Section 1

3. Era of Good Feelings James Monroe – 5th President of the U.S.
Period of time in which one political party existed
No major issues debated,
Everyone in politics and the country got along

4. Judicial Nationalism McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819)
Supreme Court ruled Congress had power to create National Bank
Federal government the right to do the following four things:
Collect Taxes, barrow money, regulate commerce, raise army and navy
The state of Maryland tried to tax the federal bank
State governments could not interfere with an agency of the federal government exercising its powers within a state’s borders

5. Judicial Nationalism Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824)
A steamboat company had a monopoly of traffic going in & out of NY. The company also tried to include traffic in New Jersey
Supreme Court ruled the monopoly unconstitutional
This ruling gave the federal government the power to control interstate commerce

6. Jackson Invades Florida
Florida was Spanish territory in early 1800s
The Creeks to resettled in Spanish Florida
The Creeks renamed themselves the Seminoles, which meant “Separatists” or “Runaways”
The Native Americans used FL as a base to raid settlers in GA
In response, the U.S. sent Andrew Jackson to command troops to combat the Seminoles
Adams- Onis Treaty
Spain gave all Florida territory to the U.S.
Finalized the western border of Louisiana Purchase – Arkansas River
42nd Parallel as northern border
Creeks were driven from areas of present-day Alabama – Battle Horseshoe Bend (previous chapter)

7. Monroe Doctrine
President Monroe declared the American continents, “henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by European powers.”
This declaration became known as the Monroe Doctrine
Goal: Prevent other great powers from interfering with Latin American politics (countries in turmoil
The Monroe Doctrine upheld Washington’s policy of neutrality – avoiding conflicts in European power struggles

8. Comprehension Check
1. When President Monroe was elected, the period of time was known as what?
2. True or False: Any state has a right to tax the federal government.
3. Explain a monopoly.
4. True or False: The Creeks resettled in Georgia and called themselves the Seminoles.
5. True or False: The Monroe Doctrine allowed Europeans to control affairs in Latin America.
Era of Good Feelings
False – does not have the right
Control of business in an industry
False – Florida
False – wanted Europeans to stay out of affairs on the American continents

9. Early Industry
Section 2

10. Transportation Revolution
Roads
National Road was funded by Feds even though many thought the Fed Gov could not fund internal improvements
Many private businesses laid 100’s of miles of toll roads/turnpikes – pay to use
Canals - man made water routes
Eerie Canal connected Albany to Buffalo
Robert Fulton – invented the steamboat – the Clermont
3300 miles of canals dug which stimulated new economic growth
Story of Turnpikes – instead of fancy electronic gates we have now on toll roads, a person actually turned a large piece of lumber that was blocking the road for the traveler to pass

11. Transportation Revolution
Railroads – the “Iron Horse”
The first RR engine was built by Peter Cooper
RR has 2 advantages over steamboats & stagecoaches:
Quicker & could go anywhere track was laid
RRs helped to settle the west & expand trade between the U.S.’s different regions
RRs increased the need for

12. New Systems of Production
Industrial Revolution
Eli Whitney popularized interchangeable parts
Improved communications through the invention of the telegraph by Samuel Morse
Journalists organized the Associated Press

13. The Land of Cotton
Section 3

14. Southern Economy Cash Crops of the South:
Tobacco, rice, sugarcane, and cotton
Cotton was the largest commodity in the South due to the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney – produced 100,000 bales
Cotton gin strengthened the institution of slavery
1808, Foreign slave trade ended, but not domestic
High birthrates – population increased from 1.5 million in 1820 to 4 million in 1850
Very little industry in South, only 16% of Americans manufacturing came from the South

15. Southern Society Large plantations; 20+ slaves Owned 4- slaves
Planters
Yeoman Farmers
Poor, Rural Whites
Free African Americans
Enslaved African Americans
Large plantations; 20+ slaves
Owned 4- slaves
Lived on land too barren to farm
93% of Af-Am in South were slaves – 37% of total population

16. Slavery
Slaves could be blacksmiths, carpenters, coopers, house servant, or field hand
Slave Gangs were controlled by a driver – a slave could be a driver if he was loyal & willing to cooperate
Frederick Douglass – anti-slavery movement
Slave Codes: slaves could not own property, learn to read/write, own firearms, testify in court, leave the owner’s land without permission

17. Coping with Enslavement
Slave coped through music, religion, and language –created a slave “culture” which gave them a sense of unity, pride, and mutual support
Resistance
Work slowdown, broke tools, set fires to homes & barns, risked beatings and mutilations to run away
Nat Turner Rebellion – 8/22/1831
Killed 50 whites & sentences to death by hanging

18. Growing Sectionalism
Section 4

19. Missouri Compromise
Monroe could not stop growing sectionalism and disputes over slavery
Issue: Would slavery be allowed to expand West?
11 free & 11 slave states = even number of senators & balance of power in Congress
Slavery would be prohibited in the LA Purchase territory north of MO’s southern border (Arkansas)
MO Compromise = temporary solution to the problem

20. Election of 1824 Candidates:
Henry Clay – Kentucky
Andrew Jackson – Tennessee
John Q. Adams – Massachusetts
William Crawford – Georgia
Issues: states rights, national bank, tariffs, and internal improvements
Tie between Adams & Jackson – Adams & Clay make a deal = Corrupt Bargain
Jackson begins the Democratic Party in response

21. Election of 1828 Republican Candidate = John Q. Adams
Democratic Candidate = Andrew Jackson
Mudslinging: petty criticism of morals & personality of political candidates
Jackson becomes the president in 1828
Most support came from South and West
The White House was reached by a common man from the western frontier