1. Responsibility to stakeholders A2 Economics and Business Unit 3 By Mrs Hilton for Examiner favourite subject which comes up often!

2. Lesson Objectives To be able to discuss the ethical decisions a business may have to make before trading internationally To be able to determine a possible conflict with business objectives and ethical behaviour to stakeholders To be able to answer past paper questions based on the topic area

3. Starter Do you care where your face cream comes from and if the producer has been paid a fair wage?

4. Stakeholder groups These stakeholder groups all have an interest in the business They all have objectives and often these can conflict with the objectives of other stakeholders, the shareholders or the business owners E.g. employees, managers, suppliers, competitors, pressure groups, government, shareholders, local community, consumers Interactive graphic: http://www.gregglee.biz/ftp/student/BusinessOr g/page_54.htm http://www.gregglee.biz/ftp/student/BusinessOr g/page_54.htm

5. Shareholder objectives vs ethical objectives Shareholder objectives High profits High dividends Growth A say in the business A positive corporate image Ethical corporate objectives Low emissions Safe waste disposal Paying fair wage rates to employees in other countries Sourcing sustainable raw materials

6. Business Ethics Moral principals that govern how a company does business. A moral principal is one that knows right from wrong. Video on exploited workers in UK Video on exploited workers in UK Exploited workers in UK on £3.50 an hour Illegal workers

7. Ethical issues – business in India Video on Indian factory disaster Bangladeshi workers paying the price for cheap clothes in the UK Cost cutting Safety abuses Too much expansion Sub contracting out to slums

8. Ethical issues – child labour to produce cheap goods http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia- 20431529 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia- 20431529 Do you have a job? Do you have to give your money to your family? http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa- 15930981 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa- 15930981 Should they miss school?

9. Ethical business http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16235275 Nestle again – promoting junk food on internet http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PRk_m- PJ7_Q http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PRk_m- PJ7_Q Nestle – protest against deforestation

10. Ethical business behaviour Includes working towards the ending of child labour, forced labour, and sweatshops, and looking at health and safety, labour conditions and labour rights. The branch of ethics that examines questions of moral right and wrong arising in the context of business practice or theory Bitesize ethical behaviour video 5 mins

11. Ethical business behaviour Primark child Labour – Panorama clip

12. ETHICAL TRADE Ethical trade means that retailers, brands and their suppliers take responsibility for improving the working conditions of the people who make the products they sell. Most of these workers are employed by supplier companies around the world, many of them based in poor countries where laws designed to protect workers' rights are inadequate or not enforced. Ethical Trade Initiative

13. Corporate social responsibility A simple rush for short-run profits is often both damaging in the long run and ethically wrong. CSR is a way of recognising that a company has a variety of stakeholders, each of whom have different objectives. CSR obliges businesses to consider more than just profit, to take account of the interests of workers, suppliers, customers and the wider community as well as stakeholders They are generally expected to respect the environment, to treat people fairly and to give something back to the local community Some businesses treat CSR as a public relations exercise, giving more priority to looking good than to doing well.

14. Stakeholders: Pressure groups A group that tries to influence either business or government Stakeholders can influence the business. Pressure groups are organisations set up to try to influence what we think about the business and its environment. A pressure group can challenge and even change the behaviour of a business by: – writing letters to MPs – contacting the press – organising marches – running campaigns War on Want Pressure group website

15. McLibel Video (over 1 hour but great) Video MNEs have large resources of funds to fight against pressure groups – see this case McDonald's Corporation v Steel & Morris [1997] EWHC QB 366, known as "the McLibel case" was an English lawsuit for libel filed by McDonald's Corporation against environmental activists Helen Steel and David Morris (often referred to as "The McLibel Two") over a pamphlet critical of the company. Each of two hearings in English courts found some of the leaflet's contested claims to be libellous and others to be true. The partial nature of the victory, the David-and-Goliath nature of the case, and the drawn-out litigation embarrassed McDonald's. The original case lasted ten years, making it the longest-running case in English history

16. Sample question 1 [9]

18. Answer question 1

19. Sample question 2 [9]

21. Answer question 2

22. Sample question 3 [8]

24. Answer question 3 Knowledge 1, Application 1, Analysis 2 per stakeholder group Knowledge: 1 mark is available for identifying a stakeholder group, e.g. employees, suppliers, competitors, pressure groups, government, shareholders, local community/environment, consumers Application: 1 mark is available for contextual answers e.g. project will require local workers and suppliers in Patagonia/Chile, flooding of pristine wilderness area in Patagonia Analysis: up to 2 marks are available for identifying and developing the consequences e.g. suppliers gain contracts increasing turnover and profitability, long term benefits for businesses from cheaper power supplies. Environmental damage may impact on tourism to area and reduce local incomes General – if only one stakeholder group, cap at 4 marks

25. Sample question 4 [6]

26. Answer question 4 Knowledge (2), Application (2), Analysis (2) Knowledge: up to 2 marks are available for understanding the meaning of ethical behaviour and profitability. Application: up to 2 marks are available for contextual answers such as relating the nature of a company’s trading activities to some degree of externalities (evidence in stimulus material). Analysis: up to 2 marks are for developing the nature of the conflict, e.g. attempting to correct the effects of the externalities may increase costs and have adverse effects upon profitability and competitiveness

27. Sample question 5 [9]

30. How marks are awarded for Q5 [9] LevelMark awarded 11-2Knowledge 23-4Application 35-6Analysis 47-9Evaluation

31. Answer question 5 e.g. define a pressure group/multinational/identify a control e.g. consumer boycott e.g. legal challenge to the dam in Chile or another example (such as the McLibel case) to show a connection between a pressure group and a multinational e.g. organising a campaign to turn public opinion and how this may affect sales and thus alter behaviour of the multinational, use of protests/courts and legal challenges to halt the project e.g. protests may have little effect on sales (Primark), powerful multinationals like Coca-Cola can finance legal challenges to overturn rulings, governments may ignore pressure groups because of economic benefits

32. Revision Video