1. Non-gaurding, Pelagic Alwife - inshore waters, eggs settle Gizzard shad - Often move up rivers, eggs drift down High fecundity High early stage mortality

2. Non-gaurding, Pelagic Freshwater drum eggs float on surface until hatch Paddlefish eggs are sticky when fertilized, adhere to the first thing they touch

3. Non-gaurding, Benthic – fine substrate Spottail shiners spawn on gravel and silt substrates

4. Non-gaurding, Benthic - Crevice Spotfin shiners use rock crevices to hold eggs

5. Non-gaurding, Benthic –vegetation Northern pike prefer flooded vegetation in backwaters

6. Non-gaurding, Benthic –vegetation Banded killifish spawn gets entangled in aquatic vegetation

7. Non-gaurding, Benthic – coarse bottom Lake trout and lake whitefish spawn over large broken coble areas

8. Non-gaurding, Benthic – stream Pacific salmon and brown trout dig redds – clean gravel where stream water upwells

9. Non-gaurding, Benthic – stream Brook trout exclusively use groundwater upwelling areas in lakes and streams

10. Sticklebacks make nests of algae and macrophytes and then lay eggs inside the nests Guarding, Nests – nests of plants Guarding means higher survival

11. Gaurding, Benthic – Underside of rocks Both round gobies and Johnny darters spawn under rocks, attaching the eggs to the underside of the rocks Aggressive defense can incur high costs to parents or death

12. Gaurding, Nests – gravel Common in centrachids also lamprey, nests are often fanned to increase water flow and remove sediments Smallmouth bass American brook lamprey

13. Gaurding, Nests – Holes and burrows Catfish and bullheads make burrows or use existing holes Noodling Time: http://www.yout ube.com/watch?v =zOjA8Puh1BM

14. Gaurding, Nest – fine sediment Crappie nests associated with vertical vegetation in fine sediments

15. Livebearers, (none native) Mosquitofish 60 -100 progeny per brood, born live, male has modified anal fin to impregnate female Why bear live young?

16. Spawning variants Multiple strategies: Bluegill – parental care or Cuckolder http://publish.uwo.ca/~bneff/research_beea.htm Female mimic

17. Spawning variants How often: Semelparous = once, Iteroparous = more then once

18. Fish evolve to spawn in different locations Temiscamie – strain Tributary spawner Assinica- strain Outlet spawner Little Tupper strain Shoal spawner Why...think about the emerged fry!

19. Embryonic Development

20. What do you mean “larval fish”? Embryo Larvae Adult

21. Diversity of Larvae American Eel

22. Diversity of Larvae Lake Sturgeon Yellow Perch Lake Trout

23. Diversity of Larvae Brown Bullhead Northern Pike Largemouth Bass

24. Theories of Development Saltational: Gradual punctuated by stages of rapid, distinct change Gradual: All distinct stages are arbitrary Truth?

25. People are not fish Yolk

26. Early Life History Stages Embryonic period Larval Period Juvenile Period

27. See Photo

28. Embryonic Period

29. Embryonic Period: Cleavage Phase From fertilization to recognizable predecessors of the neural plate and other organ systems. Zebrafish embryo stages

30. Embryonic Period: Embryonic Phase Embryo recognizable as a vertebrate Major organ systems appear Ends at hatching

31. Embryonic Period: Free Embryo Phase Embryo is free of egg membranes, but still depends on yolk for nourishment No longer curled up, starts to resemble adult fish Ends when capable of capturing food

32. Some Ecology Temperature and Development of Fish at Hatch Lake Trout (Coldwater) Pygmy Sunfish (Warm water) Temperature also effects how long egg stage lasts

33. Egg Size Larger eggs more developed at hatching Herring: eggs, newly hatched, and 7-10 months Newly Hatched Steelhead Altricial: Mouths just formed at yolk depletion (Long Larvae) Precocial: Good predators at yolk depletion (Short Larvae)

34. Substrate Size and Egg Survival

35. Yolk Size of Various Fishes

36. Larval Stage Bongo Nets

37. Lentic vs. Lotic Lentic Fish often have pelagic larvae –Major period of dispersal –Major period of mortality Lotic Fish often have benthic larvae –Avoid being swept away –Exist for short periods, under heavy cover

38. Strength of Year Class Match/Mismatch Hypothesis –Food and other conditions are good for survival = strong year class Food is abundant Predators are not abundant Temperature is appropriate –Cues for Spawning –Several factors can disrupt matching and result in weak year classes

39. Match/Mismatch Plankton Peak Ideal Match

40. Match/Mismatch

41. Food Abundance Nutrient levels Temperature Lower-level match/mismatch dynamics Number of competitors Water chemistry

42. Food Abundance Fluctuations

43. Water Temperature Thermal cues for spawning Weather: Shallow areas variable Varies from system to system Upwelling a large cause of fluctuations in lakes

44. Temperature and Recruitment

45. Temperature and Food 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0510152025 Water Temperature (Degrees Celsius) Number of Midges Collected

46. Predator Abundance More predators = more mortality Location, location, location! Temperature also

47. Wind Effects on Temperature, Food, and Predators

49. Esocidae (Pikes) Grass pickerel Northern pike Muskellunge

50. Identification Identify with pores and or branchiostegal rays Pores Pickerel – 4 Pike – 5 Muskie – 6-9 Branchial. Rays Pickerel – 12 Pike – 14-16 Muskie – 16-19

51. Umbridae (Mudminnows) Central mudminnow Homocercal tail Fin placement

52. Lottidae (Burbot) Long continuous anal and dorsal fins Homocercal tail Single chin barbel

53. Aphredoderidae (Pirate perch) "Migrating anus" Starts here Ends here Big dorsal

54. Percopsidae (Trout-perch) Big head and big eye

55. Centrarchidae – 4 genera, 8 species Micropterus Ambloplites Pomoxis Lepomis

56. Micropterus Largemouth bass Smallmouth bass

57. Lepomis Bluegill Pumpkinseed Green Sunfish

58. Ambloplites – rock bass Rounded pectoral

59. Percidae – 5 genera, 8 species Perca Sander Crystallaria Etheostoma Percina

60. Sander Walleye Sauger White tip No-White tip Brian's childhood friend Matt Sander

61. Rainbow darter Johnny darter Fantail darter Crystal darter

62. Moronidae (Temperate Basses) White bass Yellow bass

63. Sciaenidae (Drums)

64. Gobiidae (Gobies)

65. Gasterosteidae (Sticklebacks)

66. Fundulidae (Killifishes & Topminnows)

67. Ictaluridae (Bullhead Catfishes) Bullheads Catfishes Madtoms

68. Poeciliidae (Livebearers)

69. Osmeridae (Smelts)