1. Europe in the Early Middle Ages What geographic features can make it difficult for a civilization to grow or spread? Civilization

2. 21.1 Notes: Europe in the Early Middle Ages

3. Europe in the Early Middle Ages Key Ideas Europe’s varied geography of plains, mountains, and rivers has attracted many different peoples. After the fall of Rome, Germanic tribes such as the Franks formed kingdoms. The Frankish emperor Charlemagne united a large part of Western Europe.

4. Europe in the Early Middle Ages The Scandinavian Peninsula divides the Atlantic Ocean and the Baltic Sea. The North European Plain is the fertile heart of the continent. Europe’s rivers flow from the central mountains and highlands, bringing water to farmland. Geography of Europe

5. Europe in the Early Middle Ages How does Europe’s topography affect its climate? How does Europe’s topography affect its climate? Europe’s Topography Europe’s Climate

6. Europe in the Early Middle Ages New Kingdoms in Europe Europe’s favorable geography attracted different peoples to migrate into Western Europe. The Lombards settled in Europe’s river valleys. The Angles, Saxons, and Jutes moved across the North Sea to the British Isles.

7. Rise of the Franks By 530, Franks controlled many Germanic kingdoms Weak central governments Charles Martel (the hammer) united the Franks Battle of Tours Defeated Muslim army from Spain Ended last invasion of Western Europe

8. Europe in the Early Middle Ages The Age of Charlemagne Charlemagne Charles Martel's grandson (also named Charles) Became king of the Franks in 768 became known as Charlemagne, or Charles the Great

9. Europe in the Early Middle Ages How was Charlemagne like other Germanic kings? How was he different? How was Charlemagne like other Germanic kings? How was he different? Charlemagne Other Kings Both

10. Charlemagne was a powerful ruler who expanded his empire with a fierce army. Charlemagne’s empire was vast and contained different tribal groups. Charlemagne valued education and encouraged the creation of schools. Europe in the Early Middle Ages Charlemagne’s Europe

11. Europe in the Early Middle Ages Charlemagne and the Church Charlemagne was a devout ChristianCharlemagne was a devout Christian Many of his advisors were Clergy- group of people trained for religious servicesMany of his advisors were Clergy- group of people trained for religious services He wanted to create a unified Christian EuropeHe wanted to create a unified Christian Europe Helped protect Pope Leo III from his enemiesHelped protect Pope Leo III from his enemies Showed his thanks by crowning Charlemagne Emperor in 800 A.D.E.Showed his thanks by crowning Charlemagne Emperor in 800 A.D.E.

12. What effect did the crowning of Charlemagne have on the Catholic Church?

13. Europe in the Early Middle Ages Charlemagne and the Church What effect did the crowning of Charlemagne have on the Catholic Church? Crowning of Charlemagne Created … In the tradition begun by Constantine… The Catholic Church Established the idea… The church’s power….