1. Unit A 1.0: Biodiversity on Earth

2. I. Biological Diversity Biological Diversity – differences in appearance, behaviors and niches of all the organisms on earth – However, all living things need: energy, made of cell(s), reproduce, grow and have adaptations Biotic – living Abiotic- non-living

3. Outcomes 1.1k- Observe variation in living things 1.2k- Describe examples of variation among species and within species

4. I. Biological Diversity Organisms are organized into the following groups: Species- organisms that can reproduce with each other Ex. Elk or Horses Population – a species that live in a specific area Ex. Elk around Viking Community - >2 species living in an area Ex. Elk and White tailed deer in Viking Ecosystem – >2 species and their interactions with non-living Ex. Elk and deer with sunlight, water, nutrients in Viking

5. I. Biological Diversity A. Diversity Between Ecosystems Boreal Forest vs. Desert

7. Gobi Desert (China) Namib Desert

9. I. Biological Diversity B. Diversity Within Ecosystems

10. I. Biological Diversity C. Diversity Within Species

11. I. Biological Diversity D. Species Distribution - There are more species around equator than at poles – why? Coral reefs and rainforests have the highest biological diversity on Earth.

12. I. Biological Diversity Organisms are classified into the Linneaus system. This system shows relation between species. Kingdom Phylum Classes Order Family Genus Species General Specific

13. I. Biological Diversity Are a dog and a wolf of the same species? How are they related? How are they different?

14. Wolf vs. Dog Kingdom -Animalia (all animals) Phylum - Chordata (animals with notochords) Class - Mammalia Order – Carnivora Family – Canidae Genus – Canis Species- Lupis (Grey Wolf) Familiaris (Dogs)

15. What about a dolphin vs. swordfish?

16. Dolphins vs. Marlin Kingdom : Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Cetacea Family: Delphinidae Genus: Tursiops Species- truncatus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum : Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes Family: Xiphiidae Genus: Xiphias Species: gladius

17. I. Biological Diversity The proper way to identify an organism is to use its Genus species name. Homo sapien

18. 1.2 - Interdependence 1.5k- Investigate dependencies among species that link the survival of one species to the survival of others

19. 1.2 Interdependence What do the parts of the word mean?

20. 1.2 Interdependence Every species requires another species to survive. Ex. Plants are required to trap energy from the Sun Ex. Plants require insects to spread pollen

21. 1.2 Interdependence There are three main interdependent relationships. A. Predation -Prey provide food for predators -Predators keep the prey population size down.

22. Lynx & Hares

23. Interdependence B. Symbiosis – a long lasting relationship between species where one benefits 1. Commensalism – one benefits, other does not benefit nor is harmed Ex. Barnacles and whales

24. 1.2 Interdependence 2. Mutualism – both organisms benefit Ex. Bees and flowers 3. Parasitism – one benefits; one is harmed; parasite’s survival depends on the health of the host Ex. Tapeworm and a human stomach

25. 1.2 Interdependence

26. C. Competition Niche – the role of an organism in the ecosystem. This includes its food, its predators, habitat, range and reproduction.

27. 1.2 Interdependence Interspecific competition may exist in a niche. This is competition between two species. If this exists, only one species will be able to survive in the ecosystem. To reduce competition, organisms undergo resource partitioning.

28. 1.2 Interdependence Resource partitioning – when species share a resource (ex. Food, habitat) Ex. Warblers in a spruce tree **These relationships demonstrate how variation between species and in ecosystems help species

29. 1.3 Variation Within Species Outcomes: 1.4k- Describe the role of variation in enabling closely related living things to survive in the same ecosystem 1.6k- Identify the role of variation in species survival under changing environmental conditions

30. 1.3 Variation Within Species Variability – difference in behavior, appearance and genetics in a single species The more variation within a species, the more likely the species will survive changes. Changes can be: – Drought, food sources, predators, antibiotics

31. 1.3 Variation Within Species Ex. Banded Snail Depending on the season, some colors are at an advantage over others = species survival

33. 1.3 Variation Within Species Natural selection – when the environment “selects” better suited organisms to survive Ex. Cliff swallows pg. 24 Those that survive will pass on their traits. Those that die cannot pass on their traits.

34. Peppered Moths

35. 1.3 Variation Within Species Thought Lab: Trophy buck are those with large antlers. Hunters are interested usually in these, instead of weaker bucks with smaller antlers. What will eventually happen to the size of antlers?

36. Review for Quiz #1 What are 4 things common to all living organisms? What does the term biological diversity mean? Give an example of an ant’s community and ecosystem if it is living in your backyard. Where on the planet are most species located?

37. Review for Quiz List the order of classifying a species from most general to most specific. What is the system called that is used to classify a species? What does this system show about organisms?

38. Review for Quiz What does interdependence mean? Give one example of interdependence. What are the 3 types of interdependence? What does symbiosis mean? Why isn’t predation considered to be symbiosis?

39. Review for Quiz What happens to a predators population, when the prey population suddenly decreases? Why is it important for prey populations to have predators? What is commensalism? Give one example. What is mutualism? Give one example. What is parasitism? Give one example.

40. Review for Quiz What does a niche include? What does interspecific competition mean? What is resource partitioning? Why do species do this? Why is variation necessary for species to survive? What kinds of changes can occur in an ecosystem?

41. Review Quiz How does the banded snail show variation? What is natural selection? How does it alter the next generation of offspring?