Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byCrystal Shields Modified over 9 years ago
1
Egyptian Italian Year of Science & Technology Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research and Technology Library of Alexandria Mostafa K.Tolba January 10, 2009 Evolving Perceptions in Environmental Management
2
I – Evolving Environmental Perceptions Protection of Nature Pollution Environment and Development - 1972 Eco development - 1973 Development without destruction – 1974
3
Alternative patterns of development and lifestyles 1977-1978 Sustainable Development 1982- 1992
4
water ( Quality and Quantity ) II- Deteriorating Environment: Air (quality / climate change ) Land (soil, vegetation cover, minerals, Biological Resources )
5
Examples of Deterioration: Tripling water demand over the last half- century Underground water: withdrawals beyond the recharge Emerging water shortages Food Production : A third or more of topsoil lost Annual rise in land productivity - averaging 2.1 percent 1950-1990 - dropped to 1 percent 1990 to 2002 Range Land and Oceanic Fisheries pushed to their limits – Climate Change
6
Facing Environmental Deterioration: Adopting Realistic Prices of Water Water Shortages: South Africa – lifeline rates: each household fixed amount - for basic needs at low price - when water use exceeds this level- price escalates. Metering Underground water use: Jordan: 285 cubic meters - water person year. Harvesting limited rainfall Increasing Water productivity. In India raised by average190 percent shifting to drip irrigation.
7
- Energy and Raw Material - Cleaner Production: - Tools to Asses and Avoid Environmental Deterioration A- Environmental Economics cost of action and cost of inaction – Stern Report
8
B- Environmental Accounting Environmental Accounting Natural Resources Accounting Ecological Accounting
9
Strategic Environmental Assessment Cumulative Environmental Assessment Environmental Impact Assessment C- Environmental Assessment
10
D- Ecological Footprint : Accounting tool measures a population's demand on nature. Footprint of a country= A- Total area required to produce food, fibre and timber nation consumes B- Absorb its waste C- Space for infrastructure.
11
The Ecological Footprint is measured in global hectares. Global hectare 1 hectare of biologically productive space. Biologically Productive Area: land and sea area with significant photosynthetic activity and production of biomass. Earth's biocapacity: nature's ability to produce resources from its biologically productive area.
13
Ecological Footprint
14
Ecological Foot Print 57 Countries in Debt 90 Debtor Country 147 Countries Arab Countries among those : 1/2 United Arab Emirates 4 Kuwait 21 Saudi Arabia 38 Libya 45 Lebanon
15
Debtor Arab Countries 60- Syria 70- Jordan 77- Algeria 78- Tunis 84- Egypt 103- Sudan 107- Iraq 110- Morocco 131- Yemen 146- Somalia Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Mauritania, Cameron, Djibouti and Palestine not include.
16
Egypt Foot Print
17
United States of America Foot Print
18
Humanities Foot Print
19
- In 2005 ESIs, the Earth’s biocapacity gives 1.8 global hectares per person. Same year consumption 2.2 global hectares per person. Overshoot started 1980. - In 2005 ESIs, humanity ’ s Ecological Footprint exceeded global biocapacity by 0.4 global hectare per person, twenty- three per cent. Where are we today? Global overshoot began mid 1980s. Nature ’ s capital spent faster than it is being regenerated. Equity and Intergenerational Rights
20
THANK YOU
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.