1. Real Accountability Improving aid through better accountability Jasmine Burnley Policy and Campaigns ActionAid

2. Presentation Outline 1.Our work on aid effectiveness 2.Aid and Accountability: Key Issues 3.Technical Assistance 4.Will mutual accountability solve these problems? 5.Recommendations

3. 1. Our work on aid effectiveness ActionAid has a strong interest in work on aid effectiveness: –Real Aid 1: An Agenda for Making Aid Work 2005 –Real Aid 2: Making Technical Assistance work 2006

4. Real Aid 2: Making Technical Assistance Work

5. 1. Our work on aid effectiveness ActionAid has a strong interest in work on aid effectiveness: –Real Aid 1: An Agenda for Making Aid Work 2005 –Real Aid 2: Making Technical Assistance work 2006 –Publications on conditionality

6. 2. Accountability and Aid – some key problems Accountability is central to aid effectiveness, but.. The ways in which donors behave overemphasise recipient’s accountability to donors i.Aid focuses on meeting donor objectives not poverty reduction – this leads to phantom aid

7. What is “Phantom Aid”? Aid that is poorly targeted Aid that is double counted through debt cancellation Much TA is overpriced & ineffective Aid tying Poor donor coordination Immigration related costs in donor countries Excess administration costs

9. 2. Accountability and Aid – some key problems Accountability is central to aid effectiveness, but.. The ways in which donors behave overemphasise recipient’s accountability to donors i.Aid focuses on meeting donor objectives not poverty reduction – this leads to phantom aid ii.Donors are not held accountable by recipients iii.Donors take the driving seat – this undermines ownership and effectiveness – most notorious example of this is conditionality

10. Whose accountability matters? i.Conditionality can undermine the whole of the domestic accountability system ii.It weakens governments’ ability to decide their own policies In turn the ability of citizens to hold their governments to account is reduced It also refocuses governments’ view on donors rather than citizens iii.Bad quality aid increases expectations without delivering extra resources or results

11. 2. Accountability and Aid – some key problems Accountability is central to aid effectiveness, but.. The ways in which donors behave overemphasise recipient’s accountability to donors i.Aid focuses on meeting donor objectives not poverty reduction – this leads to phantom aid ii.Donors are not held accountable by recipients iii.Donors take the driving seat – this undermines ownership and effectiveness – most notorious example of this is conditionality iv.There are limited forums for governments to hold donors to account

12. ‘Real Accountability’: A genuinely mutual model Civil Society Donors (Mutual accountability) (Domestic accountability)

13. 4. Technical Assistance Real Aid II: our research shows that delivery of TA is largely: –Ineffective

14. TA is ineffective “Almost everyone acknowledges the ineffectiveness of technical co-operation in what is or what should be its major objective: achievement of greater self reliance in the recipient countries by building institutions and strengthening local capacities in national economic management.” UNDP 2003

15. 4. Technical Assistance Real Aid II: our research shows that delivery of TA is largely: –Ineffective –Over-supplied

16. TA is oversupplied and donor-driven

17. 4. Technical Assistance Real Aid II: our research shows that delivery of TA is largely: –Ineffective –Over-supplied –Overpriced

18. TA is overpriced On TA: “To all intents and purposes, the money goes back to the developed countries.” Ghanaian Finance Minister, Annual meetings of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, 2006

19. 4. Technical Assistance Real Aid II: our research shows that delivery of TA is largely: –Ineffective –Over-supplied –Overpriced TA is a donor-driven aid instrument: –TA overemphasises some relationships of accountability over others –TA is used to influence policy choices

20. Sierra Leone: A case study for TA Privatisation of water has been a condition for a number of World Bank and IMF loans TA was described as “subtle conditionality” used in conjunction with conditionality to pressure the country to privatise Support for this privatisation policy is not widely owned within Sierra Leone’s government

21. 5. Will Mutual Accountability solve these problems? Paris Declaration 2010 target on mutual accountability: all countries to have mutual assessment reviews in place Paris Declaration 2010 target on TA: 50% of TA flows are implemented through co-ordinated programmes consistent with national development strategies This signals a greater move towards accountability but…the target is not clear Mutual accountability must result in meaningful change – not just tinkering

22. 6. Recommendations: - for the Aid System Genuinely mutual accountable aid processes –Clear recipient government policies on criteria for accepting aid –Mutual commitments monitored at the country level –National and international forums to review progress on equal footing overseen by a UN commissioner –New mechanisms to increase the predictability of aid

23. Recommendations: - for TA Allow southern countries to take the lead in the capacity building process –Allow the country to spend funding on their priorities –Do not provide TA outside national capacity building plans –Provide all TA flows through government-led capacity building mechanisms Donor support to Governments could be complimented by donor support for civil society to strengthen accountability