1. Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

2. II. RNA modification

3. 5” cap chemically speaknig

4. The movie – yes there is a movie

5. III Bacteria genetics
Binary fission

6. Prokaryotic variation in genetic make-up
Mutations
Genetic recombination
Transformation
Transduction
Conjugation

7. Transformation

8. Transduction

9. Conjugation

10. IV. Control of metabolic pathways
Two ways
Vary the activity of the enzymes (inhibit them or promote their ability) – feedback inhibition pathways
Vary the # of enzymes present – regulate enzyme production at the gene expression level

11. B. Gene regulation in bacteria
OPERONS!
Need to know that an operon is a section of DNA that contains genes for a protein
Need to know the parts and players

12. Ex 1 – Lac Operon

13. Ex 2 Tryptophan operon

14. A closer look at the parts
A) promoter – site on DNA where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription
B) operator – the “on/off” switch, located between promoter and structural genes
C) structural genes – genes that code for a protein

15. Important players
Repressor – a protein that when active will bind to the operator thus blocking transcription
Regulatory gene – the DNA sequence that codes for the repressor protein
Co-repressor – a molecule that attaches to an inactive repressor and makes it active
Inducer – a molecule that attaches to an active repressor and makes it inactive

16. How they work together
Negative regulation
Positive regulation

17. Negative regulation Two examples Lac operon
Tryptophan operon – best animation link