1. Bacteria Gene Regulation

2. Compare/Contrast Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis

3. How do Prokaryotic Organisms Regulation Gene Expression? Almost ENTIRELY by REGULATION of TRANSCRIPTION The lack of a nucleus makes this very efficient

4. What is an operon? An organized cluster of genes that all contribute to a particular metabolic pathway Prokaryotes MOSTLY! (very few have been found in eukaryotes)

5. What are the two types of operons? Inducer Operons -> For metabolic pathways normally turned “OFF” (ex: lac operon) Repressible Operons -? For metabolic pathways normally turned “ON” (ex: trp operon)

6. The Lac Operon Regulatory Gene (codes for repressor Protein) Promotor Operator LacZ, LacY, LacA Structural genes

7. When lactose is absent…

8. When lactose is present…

9. Repressor Operons…The Trp Operon Regulatory Gene (codes for repressor Protein) Promoter Operator Structural Genes: trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA

10. When tryptophan is absent:

11. When tryptophan is present…

12. Why have bacteria that evolved the ability to utilize operons continue to remain in existence?

13. Are there some genes in bacteria that are always turned on? YES!!! Ribosomal genes, Respiration Enzymes