1. CGC1D April 3, 2014 Demographics

2. How Many People? Link: World Population Clock Population Video…

3. The Study of Populations Demographics is the study of populations. It helps answer questions such as –Why are more schools closing than opening? –Why will you likely have to work more years than your parents before retiring? –Why are old rock-and-roll groups, such as the Rolling Stones, still so popular?

4. Demographers use rates… (*stats from 2003) Births per day in Canada: 906 Births per day in Russia: 3 836 Which country is growing fastest due to births? Population: 32 million Population: 143 million In order to compare the births in each country, we use the Birth Rate: Birth Rate=# of births per year x 1000 Total Population Canada: 330 690 x 1000Russia: 1 400 140 x 1000 32 000 000 143 000 000 = 10 births/ 1000 people= 10 births / 1000 people

5. How do Populations Change? 4 ways… Naturally: 1) Births and 2)Deaths Migration: 3) Immigration and 4)Emigration

6. How do populations change? Natural Change (Births and Deaths) Birth Rate (# of births per year / population) x 1000 Death Rate (# of deaths per year / population) x 1000 Balance between Births and Deaths is “Natural Increase Rate” Natural Increase Rate = Birth Rate – Death Rate MIGRATION (Immigration and Emigration) Immigration Rate (# of immigrants per year/population) x 1000 Emigration Rate (# of emigrants per year/population) x 1000 Balance between Immigration and Emigration is “Migration Rate” Migration Rate = Immigration Rate – Emigration Rate

7. Population Growth Rate The overall growth of a population can be determined by adding the natural increase rate and the net migration rate. e.g. Canadian Example 3/1000 + 5/1000 = 8/1000 (0.8%)

8. The Study of Populations The best way to compare populations of different countries is through population pyramids. It is a “paired horizontal bar graph” with females on the right…

9. The Study of Populations …and males on the left. Both sides show the percentages of people in each age group.

10. The Study of Populations Putting the two sides together can allow you to easily compare a country’s population for different years (or to compare different countries).

11. The Study of Populations The dependency load is the part of the population that needs to be supported. It is made up of two components: the 0–14 age group and the 65+ age group.

12. The Study of Populations What has happened to the dependency load between 1956 and 2004? What is the significance of this change?

13. The Study of Populations A specific pattern of population growth has occurred in many developed nations during the past 60 years. What does a “typical” person look like? 1945 1965 19852005 2025 Births Baby Boom Generation X Baby Echo Generation Y

14. Population Density Population Density is a measure of the number of members of a population in a given area. It is usually measured in km 2. PD = # of people/area e.g. Country/LandmassDensity (people/km 2 ) World41 Sioux Lookout13.3 Canada3.4 Toronto3 972

15. Population Density

16. Interactive world map

17. Population Density: 6 480 people/ sq. km. (Sioux Lookout: 13.3 people/ sq. km!) Canadian average: 4 people/ sq. km. HONG KONG

18. ? What accounts for the change around 1800?

19. Historical Trends of Populations

20. Canadian Immigration Patterns

21. Historical Trends of Populations Immigration to Canada has had periods of boom and bust. These were caused by events that occurred both in Canada and in other countries. When?What Happened?Why? 1840s Arrival of thousands of Irish settlers Irish potato crop fails; facing starvation, many Irish move to Canada and other countries 1905- 1914 Massive immigration from Eastern Europe to the Canadian West Canadian Government wanted to settle the Prairies; offered free land and other incentives to immigrants

22. Historical Trends of Populations When?What Happened?Why? 1915- 1919 Little immigration World War I and worldwide influenza epidemic 1930 – 1945 Little immigration Worldwide economic depression and World War II 1947- 1960 Many Italians come to Canada World War II devastated Italy; Italians searched for economic opportunities in Canada

23. Historical Trends of Populations When?What Happened?Why? 1956 Many Hungarians come to Canada Hungarian revolt against the Russians failed; refugees fled to Canada to avoid punishment 1980 – 1997 Arrival of thousands of Hong Kong Chinese Residents of Hong Kong sought political stability before China took control of Hong Kong in 1997 1980 - 2003 Many people from Afghanistan come to Canada Immigrants seek a safe haven from conflicts that engulfed their country

24. Historical Trends of Populations The percentage, by location, of the population that is made up of immigrants. YTNT

25. Historical Trends of Populations What factors cause people to leave the country in which they live and move to another country? (PUSH FACTORS)

26. Historical Trends of Populations What factors attract people to move to another country, such as Canada? (PULL FACTORS)