1. Direct object pronouns Indirect object pronouns

2. Parts of a sentence Subject: Verb: Object:
Who or what is doing the action (this is who you conjugate for)
Verb:
The action
Object:
Who or what is receiving the action.

3. Subjects are often replaced by pronouns (subject pronouns)
Ex:
Alex and I drive a car to school.
Who/what is “driving a car to school”?
Alex and I= we
We is the subject pronoun that would replace the subject “Alex and I”
We drive a car to school.

4. The subject pronouns that replace the subjects are:yo
nosotros(as) tú
vosotros(as) él
ella
usted
ellos(as)
ustedes I we
you
(informal)
you guys
(Spain)
he/she
you(formal)
they =

5. Objects are also often replaced by pronouns (object pronouns)
Ex:
Alex and I drive a car to school.
Who/what is being “driven”?
“a car”= it
“it” is the object pronoun that would replace the object “a car”
Alex and I drive it to school.

6. The object pronouns that replace the objects are:me
(to me/for me) us
(to us/for us)
you(informal)
(to you/for you)
You guys(Spain)
(to you guys/for you guys)
he/she
you(formal)
(To him/her
For him/her
To you(formal)
For you (formal))
they
you guys
(to them, for them, to you guys, for you guys) me
nos te os
lo,la
(le)
los, las
(les) =

7. Before using an object pronoun you must:
Identify the object(s)
Ask yourself two questions(BOTH):
Who/What is being ___(verb)____ed? (who/what is receiving the action?)
To who/For who is the __(answer to #1)__ being ____(verb)____ed?
* Number 1 tells you the direct object and number 2 tells you the indirect object.

8. If: (lo/los = masculine, la/las = feminine)
*If your answer to question #2 is “no one ” then your choice of pronouns become limited to and now you just
decide which box represents your answer to question #1 (the direct object).
however
If you choose either of these boxes also ask yourself
if it represents something masc. or fem. me
nos te os
lo,la
los, las
(lo/los = masculine, la/las = feminine)

9. Ex: Alex and I drive a car to school Who or what is being __driven__?
To who/For who is the _car_ being __driven__?
-no one
The box that represents “a car” would be
Is “car” masculine or feminine?
Car=carro=masculine= lo

10. If:
If you DID get an answer for question #2 then you have to find a pronoun for the answer to question #1 (direct object) FIRST and then another one for the answer to # 2 (indirect object)

11. Ex: I always buy flowers for my mom. Who or what is being __bought__?
To who/For who are the _flowers_ being __bought__?
- “my mom”
Step 1: The box that represents “flowers” would be
Is “flowers” masculine or feminine?
Flower=flor=feminine= las
Step 2: The box that represents “my mom” would be “for her”
= le

12. After you identify the object(s) and have chosen pronoun(s) to replace them you can put them in a sentence.
* The answer to question #1 (the direct object) goes DIRECTLY BEFORE THE CONJUGATED VERB.
*The answer to question #2 (if you have one)(the indirect object) will then go DIRECTLY BEFORE THE DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN:
……… #2 #1 conjugated verb…….
If you have an infinitive somewhere in your sentence you can also attach both pronouns to the infinitive and the order is different. It would be :
………… infinitive#2 #1………… (attached)
If you have an –ing word (-ando/-iendo in Spanish) somewhere in your sentence you can also attach both pronouns to the –ing word and the order is different. It would be:
………… -ando/-iendo #2 #1………… (attached)

13. Ex: Alex and I drive a car to school I always buy flowers for my mom.
Car= lo
No one
= Alex y yo siempre lo manejamos a la escuela.
answer to #1 conjugated verb
I always buy flowers for my mom.
Flowers = las
My mom = le
=Yo siempre *le las compro. = Yo siempre se las compro.
answer to #2 answer to #1 conjugated verb

14. Important notes:
* “le & les” will ONLY be used if you get an answer to #2, the rest of the pronouns can be used for both #1 and #2
*if your sentence has any of these combinations the “le/les” changes to “se”
le lo = se lo
le la = se la
le los =se los
le las = se las
les lo =se lo
les la = se la
les los = se los
les las = se las

15. Important notes cont.
You can choose not to use a pronoun to replace the answer to #1 and just leave it as it is: Yo siempre le compro flores.
You can also choose not to use a pronoun to replace the answer to #2 and just leave it as it is: Yo siempre las compro para mi mamá.

16. or If you see : A mi A ti A él (or a name) A ella (or a name) A Ud.
Para mi Para ti Para él (or a name) Para ella (or a name) Para Ud. Para nosotros(as) Para ellos(as) (or names) Para Uds.
A mi
A ti
A él (or a name)
A ella (or a name)
A Ud.
A nosotros(as)
A ellos(as) (or names)
A Uds. or
Then you know you will have an answer to #2 and that you will choose me, te, le, nos, os, or les as your pronoun

17. The following verbs are commonly used with an indirect object: (you will probably have an answer to question #2 and will use either me, te, le, nos, os, or les to replace it)
Decir- to say/tell
Mandar- to send/to command
Traer- to bring
Enviar- to send
Llevar-to take/to carry
Tirar- to throw
Dar- to give
Responder- to respond
Leer- to read
Hacer- to do/to make
Comprar- to buy
Regalar- to give (as a gift)
Abrir- to open
Cerrar- to close
Pedir – to ask for/request
Preguntar- to ask (a question)