1. http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/mirrors/images/images/pao/STS49/10065130.jpg Objective: Summary of Origins and Lifestyles of Early Americans HW:Read Ch 1 sections 4 and 5 http://crh.choate.edu/english/salot/Young%20Omahaw.jpg “Young Omahaw, War Eagle..." by Charles Bird King 1821

2. Essential Questions What factors pushed forward the Age of Exploration in Europe? What conclusions can be made about the Native American societies that existed before Columbus’ journey?

3. Europe Looks Westward Why did Europeans begin to travel Westward? European Population Growth By the 15 th century, they had finally recovered from the bubonic plague Strong Monarchs Sea route to Asia Portuguese Exploration Prince Henry the Navigator Bartholomeu Dias Vasco de Gama

4. Christopher Columbus Believed he could reach Asia by sailing West 1492 – the Spanish government invested in him Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria Columbus took 3 total trips across the Atlantic, initially landing in the Bahamas Hispaniola was a temporary colony Lands were eventually names after a Florentine merchant, Amerigo Vespucci 1513 – Vasco de Balboa 1519-1522 – Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition was the first circumnavigation of the world.

6. Columbus was driven, not by the love of discovery, but by the lust for profit: "Gold is the best thing in the world, it can even send souls to paradise", he declared, while Cortes went further: "We Spaniards suffer from a sickness of the heart whose only cure is gold". (Engels, op cit). "Following Columbus' report, the Council of Castille de­cided to take possession of a country whose inhabitants were quite unable to defend themselves. The pious project of mak­ing converts to Christianity sanctified its injustice. But the hope of finding treasure was the real motive behind the en­terprise... All the Spaniards' other enterprises in the New World, after Columbus, seem to have had the same motive. This was the sacrilegious thirst for gold..." (Adam Smith).

8. Treaty of Tordesillas

9. The Route http://garnet.acns.fsu.edu/~cac02m/ChristopherColumusTask2.htm

11. The Spanish Empire Began to think of the New World as a unique opportunity 1518 – Hernando Cortes led an expedition of 600 men on the Aztecs and their leader Montezuma Unsuccessful attack, but unknowingly spread smallpox to the Natives Cortes and Pizzaro established themselves as some of the most ruthless conquistadores

12. The Great Temple at Tenochtitlán At the height of Aztec-Toltec civilization in central Mexico, which coincided with the arrival of Cortés and his Spanish soldiers in 1519, this capital city had a dense population of over 300,000, more than any European city. Built on marshy lowlands and linked to the mainland by broad causeways, it had great public works and pyramids to the sun and moon that were connected by an elaborate irrigation system. From this metropolis, priests, warriors, and rulers held absolute authority over hundreds of thousands of people in the countryside. (American Museum of Natural History #32659) The Great Temple at Tenochtitlán Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

13. America was initially exploited for gold and silver Eventually colonization and missionaries began to travel to America to spread their religious influence, especially the Catholic church. By the late 1500s, Spain controlled the Caribbean islands, Mexico and southern North America. The Spanish Empire

15. Northern Outposts 1565 – St. Augustine – first permanent settlement in the United States 1609 – Spanish founded Santa Fe There was constant conflict between the European settlers/missionaries and Natives in Southwest united States 1750 – Europeans had adapted to the differences in in religion and culture and began to live and work together.

16. Biological and Cultural Exchanges Millions of natives died from exposure to European diseases Worse than the Black Death in some areas Seen as a sign from God by some Europeans Deliberate Subjugation and Extermination Europeans introduced the New World to new crops, domestic livestock and the horse COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE!!

17. The Columbian Biological Exchange Forms of Biological Life Going From: Old World to New World:New World to Old World: Diseases: Smallpox Measles Chicken Pox Malaria Yellow Fever Influenza The Common Cold Syphilis Animals: Horses Cattle Pigs Sheep Goats Chickens Turkeys Llamas Alpacas Guinea Pigs Plants: Rice Wheat Barley Oats Coffee Sugarcane Bananas Melons Olives Dandelions Daisies Clover Ragweed Kentucky Bluegrass Corn (Maize) Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties) Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima Varieties) Tobacco Peanuts Squash Peppers Tomatoes Pumpkins Pineapples Cacao (Source of Chocolate) Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum) Papayas Manioc (Tapioca) Guavas Avocados | This page was last updated on 12/3/98. | Return to History 111 Supplements | Site Map |Return to History 111 SupplementsSite Map Dr. Harold D. Tallant, Department of History, Georgetown College 400 East College Street, Georgetown, KY 40324, (502) 863-8075 E-mail: htallant@georgetowncollege.edu.htallant@georgetowncollege.edu

18. Europeans learned farming techniques from the Natives and especially invested in corn. Languages and people became interspersed. This gave rise to the number of mestizos or mixed race inhabitants Europeans forced Natives into labor and paid them very little. 1502 – first slaves were introduced to the New World.

19. CIVILIZATIONDATESLOCATIONACHIEVEMENT OLMEC C. 1200 BC Gulf Coast of Mexico Stone Sculptures, stone buildings MAYA 250-900 AD Yucatan Peninsula (Guatemala) Astronomy, stone Temples (365 steps ) AZTEC 1200-1520 AD Mexico engineering (Tenochtitlan) farming ANASAZI/HOHOKAM 300 BC - 1400 AD American Southwest Pueblos (cliff dwellings) MISSISSIPPIAN 800 BC - 1500 AD East of Mississippi River Mound Builders (Cahokia) Copper ornaments