1. BONDS… Valence electrons do the bonding- look at your chart GOALS
To fill up the energy level
They can do that by giving away electrons
Or by receiving electrons
Or by sharing electrons

2. GROUP NAMES
Charge Trend
Align with
Charge trend
Alkali Metals +1
Alkaline Earth Metals +2
Boron Family +3
Carbon family
+4/-4

3. GROUP NAME
Charge Trend
Align with
Charge trend
Alkali Metals +1
Halogens
Alkaline Earth Metals +2
Oxygen fam
Boron Family +3
Nitrogen fam
Carbon family
+4/-4
Itself…

4. GROUP NAME
Charge Trend
Align with
Charge trend
Alkali Metals +1
Halogens -1
Alkaline Earth Metals +2
Oxygen family -2
Boron Family +3
Nitrogen family -3
Carbon family
+4/-4
Itself…

5. What about me?!!! Tell me about the Noble Gases….
What is their charge trend?
Tell me about the transition elements…
They don’t bond because they have a full energy level… They exist alone….
They don’t follow the rules, they are complicated…

6. Ionic Bonds Giving/receiving
But what is really holding them together???

8. Ionic compounds… properties
Form crystals
Have high melting and boiling points
Very hard and brittle
Conduct electricity
+ charge : cation
- charge : anion

9. Show these ionic bonds using electron dot diagrams, and a 3 step process….
NaCl (sodium chloride)
Magnesium Oxide (MgO) ,
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

10. Covalent Bonds Co-operation/ sharing …. A way to remember
Share 2: single bond
Share 4: double bond
Share 6 : triple bond
Held together this way? Molecule!

11. USE the Venn diagram system to show covalent bonds!!

12. Draw how these atoms bond covalently in a 3 step process…
Water (H2O)
Methane (CH4)
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)