1. Water Quality Methods And Water Quality Laboratories

2. Public Health and Water Microbiology

3. Providing Safe Water Is The Single Most Effective Tool for Improving Public Health

4. Contaminated Water as a Health Problem How many people die from waterborne disease per day globally – 25,000 per day (WHO statistic) – 9,000,000 per year

5. Contaminated Water as a Health Problem Pierre Payment - American Journal of Public Health –35% of vomiting and Diarrhea illness come from drinking contaminated water –166,000 hospitalizations, 1000 deaths In the US the cost is $9.5 Billion dollars

6. Water Sources Associated with Outbreaks Spring 5.9% Well & Surface 11.8% Surface 11.8% Wells 70.6%

7. Brief History of Waterborne Disease 350 B.C. Hippocrates recommended filtering and boiling water so as not to poison the palate 1855 John Snow linked Cholera infection to a community well 1887 sand filtration equipment manufacturers claimed Cholera and Typhoid fever eliminated by water filtration

8. Brief History of Waterborne Disease Until 1920 dysentery from Typhoid fever and Cholera was the leading cause of death in the U.S. Chlorination of Jersey City water supply in 1908 wiped out Typhoid and Cholera

10. Bacterial Agents Of Waterborne Disease Salmonella –typhi (Typhoid fever) –Salmonellosis Vibrio cholerae Helicobacter pylori Campylobacter E. coli O157 /

11. Parasitic Agents Of Waterborne Disease Examples –Cryptosporidia –Giardia – Microsporidia – Entamoeba histolytica – Cyclospora – Naegleria fowleri – Toxoplasma gondii

12. Viral Agents Of Waterborne Disease VIRUSSOURCESYMPTOMS CalicivirusesFecesgastroenteritis, nausea, (Norwalk)vomiting EnterovirusesFecesfebrile illness, diarrhea Hepatitis A/EFecesfever, malaise, jaundice, nausea RotavirusesFecesvomiting and diarrhea in children

13. Providing Safe Drinking Water Is The Single Most Effective Way To Improve Public Health LABORATORIES ARE CRUCIAL TO THIS EFFORT

14. Drinking Water Methods for Microbiological Contaminants EPA Ground water and Drinking Water Analytical Methods