1. Warmup: Please write the question and try to answer it (5min) 1) A combination of 2 or more substances is a: a. homogeneous mixture b. mixture c. solution d. none of the above 2) In soda, CO 2 is the ______ and water is the _________. a.solute; solution b.solvent; solution c.solute; solvent d.solution; solubility 3) Which term describes a solution in which only a small amount of solute is dissolved? a. dilutec. unsaturated b. concentratedd. supersaturated

3. Types of Matter Matter Compounds Elements Metals Non-Metals Metalloids Heterogeneous Colloid Suspension Mixtures Homogeneous Solutions 2 or more materials that can be physically separated

4. Ions/molecules are dissolved and scrambled among other molecules (phase: aqueous) Ex. ionic solutions, acids and bases, clean air and … Homogeneous Mixtures SOLUTIONS Visibly different parts in different ‘phases’ (liquid, solid) Ex. milk, blood Heterogeneous Mixture

5. SOLUTION!!! = Solute : part of solution that is being dissolved solid, liquid, or gas Solvent : the major part of solution; dissolves the solute usually liquid and usually water

6. Types of Solutions SoluteSolvent Gas Liquid SolidLiquid Solid Oxygen in air CO 2 in soda wine Kool-aid White gold (Au + Ni + Cu + Sn) 1 minute: Identify the phase of the solute and solvent in each mixture

7. Concentrated solutions contain lots of solute per amount of solution. Dilute solutions contain less solute per amount of solution. Q: Why was the blonde staring at the orange juice carton? A: Because it said ‘CONCENTRATE’

8. Saturated vs. Unsaturated maximum amount of dissolved solute less than the maximum amount of dissolved solute

9. Supersaturation When I make Jello, I add boiling water to the mix and then add cold water later. What’s up with THAT? If you heat a solution you can add more solute! Then cool it carefully to create a supersaturated solution. It contains more solute per unit solvent than is typically allowed

10. Answers to Warmup Questions 1) A combination of 2 or more substances is a: a.homogeneous mixture b.mixture c.solution d.none of the above (a and c are ok but b is best) 2) In a soda, CO 2 is the ______ and water is the _________. a.solute; solution b.solvent; solution c.solute; solvent d.solution; solubility (a: the soda is the solution) 3) Which term describes a solution in which only a small amount of solute is dissolved? a. dilutec. unsaturated b. concentratedd. supersaturated (unsaturated does not necessarily mean dilute)

11. Solubility (Saturation Point) maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a solvent under certain conditions the solubility of different solutes is different! Ex. 85 g KNO 3 /100. grams of water at a certain temperature only 36 g NaCl dissolves in the same amount of water at the same temperature

12. Does the solubility of sodium nitrate increase or decrease with increasing temperature? Answer: increase

13. Which compound has a solubility of 61 g / 100 g H 2 O at 70°C? Answer: NH 4 Cl Which compound has a solubility of ~41 g / 100 g H 2 O at 50°C? Answer: KCl

14. 1. Increase surface area of the solute: agitate the solution or break up solute How can we increase the rate of dissolution (how fast the solute dissolves) and solubility? 2. Heat the solution (s and l solutes): molecules move faster and collide more frequently

15. 3. Cool the solution (gas solutes): gas molecules won’t evaporate (lowering solubility) if they have less kinetic energy. 4. Increase pressure (gas solutes): solute can’t evaporate and remains dissolved in the solution How can we increase the rate of dissolution (how fast the solute dissolves) and solubility?

16. solubility of solids/liquidsgases when pressure increases when pressure decreases when temperature increases when temperature decreases Fill in this chart! As a study aid!