1. Heroin Introduced 1898 Considered nonaddictive
Free samples by mail as “step down” cure for morphine addiction
Non-medical use banned 1924
Medical use banned 1970

2. Sigmund Freud Discovers Miracle Cure for Opioid Addiction

3. An Effective Ophthalmologic Anesthetic and Vasoconstrictor
Cocaine

4. Freud Praises Cocaine
"...you are simply normal, and it is soon hard to believe you are under the influence of any drug.... Absolutely no craving for the further use of cocaine appears after the first, or even after repeated taking of the drug..."

7. Freud later ruefully admitted using cocaine to cure morphine addiction was "like trying to cast out the Devil with Beelzebub."

8. Drug War History: A Snapshot
CJ/PS 4535 The War on Drugs
a Dr. Matt presentation

9. Significant Dates: 1930: Bureau of Narcotics formed (Treasury Dept.)
Harry Anslinger, director
Close links to William Randolph Hearst (newspaper giant / timber guy), E.I. DuPont (paper giant), and Andrew Mellon (Sec. of Treasury and owner of Mellon Bank)
Launched campaign against the “killer weed” and “assassin of youth” marijuana

10. Marijuana!!!

11. Marijuana!!!

12. Significant Dates: 1937: Marijuana Tax Act
Required tax stamp to sell ($1)
Required laborious procedures to prescribe
Very tough sentences (“life” for selling to minor)
Bureau also wrote sample bill banning pot (adopted by 40 states)
Partly inspired by racist sentiment

13. Consider:

14. Significant Dates:
1970: Narcotics Treatment Administration formed (President Nixon)
In part due to military addiction to heroin from Vietnam
Treatment received majority of funds
1970: Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
“Federalization” or “nationalization” of drug control
Created 5 drug schedules through Controlled Substances Act

15. Significant Dates: 1971: Nixon declares war on drugs
Most money for treatment
1971: Operation Golden Flow
Required returning soldiers to take urine test

16. Significant Dates:
1972: Office of Drug Abuse & Law Enforcement (ODALE) formed (President Nixon)
Coordinated task forces to reduce drugs and crime
Shifted focus to law enforcement approach
1973: Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Primary federal agency involved in drug seizures and busts
1978: Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act amended
Allowed for asset forfeiture

17. Significant Dates: 1981: US-Colombia treaty
Allowed extradition of traffickers to US
1983: DARE founded in LA, California
Totally ineffective
1984: Comprehensive Crime Control Act
Longer sentences and increased bail amounts for drug offenders
1985: “Just Say No” (Nancy Reagan)

18. Estimated 1.2 Million Opioid Addicts in U.S.
Increasing since 1991
Lucas GM. Buprenorphine in primary HIV care clinics: a big pill to swallow. The Hopkins HIV Report. 2004;16:5-7.

19. Estimated 5.5 Million People Used Cocaine in the U.S. in 2005

20. Meth Treatment Admission Per 100,00020

21. Meth Treatment Admission Per 100,000

22. Meth Treatment Admission Per 100,000

23. Impact of the War on Drugs on Incarceration in the United States

24. President Nixon Declares The “War On Drugs”

25. Congress Dramatically Increases Penalties For Drug Offenses

28. A Nation of Prisoners
The United States incarcerates more than six times as many people as does the entire European Union, which has 100,000,000 more people.

30. Weekly Growth in Prison Population

31. Costs of Drug Crime Continued to Climb
The Economic Costs of Drug Abuse in the United States 1992 – 2002, Office of Drug Control Policy

32. In Reality, Drugs Make Us Do Horrible Things

33. “Meth Mouth”